Microbiology and Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy for Head and Neck Infections

Brook, Itzhak

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.014

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Rifampin has been widely used in the treatment of several life threatening infections as well as minor oral infections for many years 4 . In the clinical samples, the low frequency of rifampin resistance was relevant and confined to staphylococci and the genera Providencia and Serratia , as well as to pseudomonades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These microorganisms have presented a very diverse antimicrobial susceptibility profile in comparison to strict anaerobes4. In addition, in spite of the role that facultative anaerobes and aerobes would play in head and neck infections, most of dentists have been instructed to prescribe antimicrobial drugs only directed against strict anaerobes 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity

Gaetti-Jardim

Marqueti²,

Faverani

et al. 2010

J. Appl. Oral Sci.

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ObjectivesThis study evaluated the resistance to antimicrobials of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from patients wearing complete dentures, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, and periodontally health subjects. Material and methodsThree hundred and four isolates were tested. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were evaluated through the agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar. ResultsThe most active antimicrobial drugs were the carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem), and resistance to these drugs was restrict to 1.6-2.3% of the isolates, as well as ciprofloxacin and rifampin. Microbial resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cephalothin, amikacin, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid was particularly high. In most cases, the resistance to β-lactams was mediated by the production of hydrolytic enzymes, especially in gram-negative enteric rods, while enterococci did not evidence production of these enzymes. The association amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was not effective in 28.3% of the tested isolates. ConclusionsThe results of this investigation confirmed that the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis and gingivitis, and particularly edentulous patients wearing complete dentures, could harbor microorganisms with several antimicrobial resistance markers, and these microorganisms are frequently implicated in multiresistant, systemic, oral or nosocomial infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity

Gaetti-Jardim

Marqueti²,

Faverani

et al. 2010

J. Appl. Oral Sci.

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“…The normal floras of the mouth and the oropharynx are responsible for most infections that follow clean-contaminated head and neck procedures. 6,8,496,498,499,506,[509][510][511][512][513][514][515][516][517][518][519] Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria are abundant in the oropharynx. As a result, postoperative SSIs are usually polymicrobial and involve both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.…”

Section: Head and Neck Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery

Bratzler

Dellinger

Olsen

et al. 2013

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

1,673

1,258

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“…The predominant oropharyngeal organisms include various streptococci (aerobic and anaerobic species), other oral anaerobes including Bacteroides species (not Bacteroides fragilis), Peptostreptococcus species, Prevotella species, Fusobacterium species, Veillonella species, Enterobacteriaceae, and staphylococci. 6,8,9,16,[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] In the case of an SSI, it is important to handle the sample properly to avoid contamination by S epidermidis or other pathogens of the normal flora.…”

Section: Which Surgical Pathogens Are Commonly Related To Ssi?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of international guidelines for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in Head & Neck Surgery. A YO‐IFOS Head & Neck Study Group Position Paper

et al. 2019

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Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection that occurs after a surgical incision or organ manipulation during surgery. The frequency reported for clean head and neck surgical procedures without antimicrobial prophylaxis is <1%. In contrast, infection rates in patients undergoing complicated cancer surgery are high, ranging from 24% to 87% of patients without antimicrobial prophylaxis. Methods Guidelines and recommendations about the use of antibiotics in head and neck surgery from 2004 to 2019 were reviewed. Results Four guidelines from Oceania, 5 from South America, 5 from North America, 2 from the United Kingdom, 11 from Europe, 1 from Africa, 1 from the Middle East, and 3 from Asia were included. A total of 118 papers were included for analysis and recommendation. Conclusion Antibiotic prophylaxis can decrease the incidence of SSI. However, the risks associated with antibiotic exposure and the risk of antibiotic resistance need to be taken into consideration.

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Microbiology and Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy for Head and Neck Infections

Cited by 51 publications

References 99 publications

Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity

Antimicrobial resistance of aerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated from the oral cavity

Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery

Systematic review of international guidelines for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in Head & Neck Surgery. A YO‐IFOS Head & Neck Study Group Position Paper

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