Microbiological and Clinical Effects of a Proanthocyanidin-enriched Extract from Rumex acetosa in Periodontally Healthy Carriers of Porphyromonas gingivalis: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Abstract

Rumex acetosa significantly inhibits the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) to eukaryotic host cells in vitro. The objective of this randomized placebo-controlled pilot-trial was to analyze effects of a mouth rinse containing 0.8 % (w/w) of a quantified proanthocyanidin-enriched extract from Rumex acetosa (RA1) on microbiological, clinical, and cytological parameters in systemically healthy individuals without history of periodontitis, harboring P.g. intraorally. 35 subjects received a supragingival debridement (SD) followed by mouth rinsing (3 times daily) with either RA1 mouth rinse solution (test) or placebo (control) for 7 days as adjunct to routine oral hygiene. Supragingival biofilm samples were taken at screening visit, baseline (BL), 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after SD. P.g. and 11 other oral microorganisms were detected and quantified by rtPCR. Changes in the oral microbiota composition of one test and one control subject were assessed via high throughput 16S rRNS gene amplicon sequencing. Approximal Plaque Index (API) and the modified Sulcular Bleeding Index (SBI) were assessed at BL, 7- and 14-days following SD. Brush biopsies were taken at BL and 14 d following SD. Intergroup comparisons revealed no significant microbiological, cytological, and clinical differences at any timepoint. However, a significant reduction in SBI at day 14 (p=0.003) and API at day 7 (p=0.02) and day 14 (p=0.009) was found in the test group by intragroup comparison. No severe adverse events were observed. The results indicate that RA1 mouth rinse is safe but does not seem to inhibit colonization of P.g. or improve periodontal health following SD.

Overview of the Biological Activity of Anthraquinons and Flavanoids of the Plant Rumex Species

“…There were no severe side effects. The results indicate that the plant extract mouth rinse is safe but does not seem to inhibit colonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis or improve periodontal health following supragingival debridement [117]. Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are among the most important parameters, along with pharmacological activity, during drug development preclinical and clinical trials and the standardisation process of a substance.…”

“…to eukaryotic host cells in vitro. The randomized placebo-controlled pilot-trial established that mouth wash by 0.8% of proanthocyanidin-enriched extract from the plant effect microbiological, clinical, and cytological parameters [117]. Supragingival debridement was followed by mouth washing (3 times per day) with the extract or placebo (control) for 7 days as adjunct to routine oral hygiene.…”

Microstructured Polymer System Containing Proanthocyanidin-Enriched Extract from Limonium brasiliense as a Prophylaxis Strategy to Prevent Recurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae), popularly known as "baicuru" or "guaicuru" is a plant rich in polyphenols in its rhizomes, especially compounds such as flavan-3-ols and oligomeric proanthocyanidins, with the samarangenins being typical tannin-like polyphenols [15]. These compounds have been described to be strong gingipain inhibitors [15][16][17]. In addition, extracts from L. brasiliense have shown antiseptic activity in genitourinary infections [18] and a variety of studies indicated bacteriostatic, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory potential [15,19].…”

High molecular/low acetylated chitosans reduce adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni to host cells by blocking JlpA

“…Prevention strategies in livestock and food production are essential to reduce the infection risk, but also specific inhibition of the manifold virulence factors of Campylobacte r has been recognized as a promising tool. Especially, inhibitors of the bacterial adhesion to host cells, the so-called entry blockers or antiadhesive compounds, can help to reduce the early host–pathogen interaction (Sarshar et al 2017 ; Schmuch et al 2015 ; Selbach et al 2023 ; Gottesmann et al 2020a ; Thöle et al 2015 ; Deipenbrock et al 2023 ). Thus, an antiadhesive strategy might also be interesting for reducing the Campylobacter load in livestock.…”