Microbial reduction of graphene oxide by Shewanella

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO) can be reduced to graphene in a normal aerobic setup under ambient conditions as mediated by microbial respiration of Shewanella cells. The microbially-reduced graphene (MRG) exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. Extracellular electron transfer pathways at the cell/GO interface were systematically investigated, suggesting both direct electron transfer and electron mediators are involved in the GO reduction.

Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications

“…147 In another example, Wang et al demonstrated the reduction of graphene oxide mediated by microbial respiration of Shewanella cells in a normal aerobic setup under ambient conditions. 148 Shewanella, the metal-reducing bacterium is known to transfer metabolically-generated electrons from the interior part of the cell to external electron acceptors such as solid metal oxides. For the reduction of graphene oxide, extracellular electron transfer is mediated by both, self-secreted electrons and outer membrane c-type cytochromes (Mtr/Ornc).…”

Graphene Oxide as Antimicrobial Against Two Gram-Positive and Two Gram-Negative Bacteria in Addition to One Fungus

“…(Lim et al, 2012;Bykkam et al, 2013); plant pathogen e.g., Xanthomonas oryzae and against fungi e.g., C. albicans and C. tropical (Li et al, 2013). Also several studies demonstrated and developed an environment friendly, cost effective, simple method and green approaches for the reduction of GO using microbial cells such as E. coli, Shewanella and Yeast (Gurunathan et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2011;Khanra et al, 2012).…”

Environmental applications using graphene composites: water remediation and gas adsorption

“…These studies have shown the use of graphene in microbial fuel cells, 249 graphene as a scaffold for bacterial growth, 228 as well as the use of bacteria as a graphene oxide reducing agent. 250,251 Various in vitro toxicity studies have been conducted to determine the toxicity of graphene towards cancer [234][235][236][237][238] and human cell lines. 229,239 The cytotoxicity towards the cancer cell lines A549 was shown to depend largely on the cell culture medium components.…”