Microbial etiology in hospitalized North Indian adults with community-acquired pneumonia

Systematic review and meta-analysis of comorbidities and associated risk factors in Indian patients of community-acquired pneumonia

“…In all, 772 citations were identified after removing the duplicates. A total of 23 studies 8–30 were included in the qualitative synthesis of which 22 studies reporting different comorbidities 8–29 were considered for the quantitative synthesis of CAP patients with comorbidities and 18 studies 8–10,12–17,20–22,25–30 reporting various risk factors were utilized for identifying the associated risk factors. Table 1 represents the characteristics of the studies included in the analysis.…”

“…The forest plot showed a significant degree of heterogeneity (Figure 3). 8,9,11,12,17,20–23,26,27,29…”

“…The other comorbidities associated with CAP patients were chronic kidney disease: 3.7% (95% CI: 1.9%–7.4%; I 2 = 67.4%); 10–13,21,23,27 heart disease: 7.9% (95% CI: 3.9%–15.5%; I 2 = 88.8%); 10–13,15,19,21,28 asthma: 6.9% (95% CI: 3.6%–12.7%; I 2 = 52.4%); 10,12,18,22,24,27 bronchiectasis: 5.9% (95% CI: 2.1%–15%; I 2 = 67.8%); 10,12,27 neoplastic diseases: 4.1% (95% CI: 1.1%–4.1%; I 2 = 90.5%); 10,12,13,18,19 altered consciousness: 11.7% (95% CI: 7.2%–18.3%; I 2 = 73.6%); 14,16,21,22,25,28 structural lung disease: 8.6% (95% CI: 3.2%–21.3%; I 2 = 80.4%); 10,12,14,25 and HIV: 6.0% (95% CI: 2.3%–15.1%; I 2 = 75.7%). 11,22,27 Apart from these, comorbidities such as chronic liver disease (2.6%); 11,13,15,21,24,28 cerebrovascular accident (3.2%), 10,13,15,28 and tuberculosis (9.4%) 12,18,22,27 were also reported in a few studies with no statistically...…”

“…Mortality in CAP patients was reported in 16 studies and ranged between 2.0% and 38% of patients. 8–10,12–14,16,17,20,21,23–26,28,29…”

“…The duration of hospital stay for CAP patients was observed in six studies and ranged from 4.8 to 9.8 days. 8,12,13,16,19,21…”