Microbial elimination of pyrethroids: specific strains and involved enzymes

Isolation, Characterization and Screening of Potential Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Degrading Bacteria from Cultivated Soil in Moro, Kwara State, Nigeria

“…Ten (10) bacterial isolates capable of growth in LC-enriched MSM were obtained (Table 1). They all showed good growth in up to 100 mg/L of LC.…”

“…This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). [10]. Microbial degradation of SPs is affected by various abiotic and biotic factors such as humidity, salts and pH, as well as by the bioavailability of the molecule to degrading microorganisms.…”

Phytochemicals, Probiotics, Recombinant Proteins: Enzymatic Remedies to Pesticide Poisonings in Bees

“…Bees biosynthesize limited types of enzymes endogenously that can be enhanced by phytochemicals, but a large pool of candidate bacteria could generate more types of enzymes to efficiently detoxify various pesticides that bees cannot. Bees obtain exogenous bacteria from natural food (namely, horizontal transmission) or endogenous bacteria mainly from former generations (vertical transmission), with the latter being dominant in eusocial bees (honey bees and bumble bees) in nature. ,, In addition, more exogenous bacteria may be used for probiotic formulations that are (1) found in the environment (soil, water, or sediment) and selected for bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments, (2) found in plants, animals, and insects that evolved to be capable of detoxifying pesticides, or (3) currently used in probiotics for humans, animals, and bees. ,− A series of bacteria have demonstrated the capacity to detoxify pyrethroids, − organophosphates, ,, neonicotinoids, − a combination of several insecticides, and herbicides and fungicides (Supporting Information Table 2). More bacterial candidates can be discovered by genomic and omic technology as well as microbe databases. ,,− …”

“…Detoxification genes from the above candidate bacteria as well as any other prokaryotes (e.g., fungi) or eukaryotes (e.g., algae, plants, insects, animals, human beings) can be used to manufacture enzymatic r-proteins when expressed via vectors (either bacteria, fungi, insect, or animal cells) (Supporting Information Table 2). Different enzymes have been tested to efficiently detoxify pyrethroids, , organophosphates, , neonicotinoids, ,, or a combination of multiple insecticides. ,, The detoxification of fungicides and herbicides needs more investigation as widespread chronic toxicity caused by fungicides and herbicides is becoming a concern for bee health. , Finally, research into nanoenzymes could create alternatives to r-proteins and simplify complex manufacturing processes …”

“…This can be achieved by various immobilization techniques that protect enzymatic structure, such as encapsulation or cross-linking by microparticles. , Food passes through bee guts in about 3 days so candidate 3P should react to pesticides rapidly to avoid pesticide absorption and consequential toxicity. As such, bacterial species that take significantly longer time (in weeks or months) to achieve effective detoxification can be excluded from further testing. ,,, Absorption of phytochemicals by honey bee guts may be affected by the gut environment . More data on this subject can help to define the types of phytochemicals that display both reasonable absorption rates and good abilities to trigger efficient expression ofdetoxification genes.…”