Microbial community analysis reveals high level phylogenetic alterations in the overall gastrointestinal microbiota of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome sufferers

Krogius-Kurikka, Lotta; Lyra, Anna; Malinen, Erja; Aarnikunnas, Johannes; Tuimala, Jarno; Paulín, Lars; Mäkivuokko, Harri; Kajander, Kajsa; Palva, Airi

doi:10.1186/1471-230x-9-95

Cited by 260 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Decreased counts of bifidobacteria have been reported in IBS patients (Kerckhoffs et al, 2009;Malinen et al, 2005), especially of the B. catenulatum group (Kerckhoffs et al, 2009;Lyra et al, 2009;Malinen et al, 2005). A decrease of lactobacilli has been detected in IBS-D (Malinen et al, 2005;Krogius-Kurikka et al, 2009) and IBS-A patients (Kerckhoffs et al, 2009). On the other hand, untypically high faecal amounts of lactobacilli and/or streptococci have been reported for IBS-D patients (Kassinen et al, 2007;Krogius-Kurikka et al, 2009;Carroll et al, 2008) as well as IBS patients independent of the subtype (Tana et al, 2010).…”

Section: Microbiota In Different Ibs Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A decrease of lactobacilli has been detected in IBS-D (Malinen et al, 2005;Krogius-Kurikka et al, 2009) and IBS-A patients (Kerckhoffs et al, 2009). On the other hand, untypically high faecal amounts of lactobacilli and/or streptococci have been reported for IBS-D patients (Kassinen et al, 2007;Krogius-Kurikka et al, 2009;Carroll et al, 2008) as well as IBS patients independent of the subtype (Tana et al, 2010). This trend suggests that at least some IBS patients, similarly to ileostomy patients, have an outgrowth of aerobic bacteria that may be linked to the overproduction of organic acids, as will be discussed below.…”

Section: Microbiota In Different Ibs Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GI microbiota of IBS-D patients seems to deviate the most and that of IBS-C patients the least from that of HCs Rajilić-Stojanović, 2007). Most of the observed differences could be assigned to the Firmicutes, as they dominate the significant alterations in the comparison of clone libraries (Kassinen et al, 2007;Krogius-Kurikka et al, 2009), microarray-derived microbiota profiles (Rajilić-Stojanović, 2007) and qPCR assays Malinen et al, 2005;Tana et al, 2010) between IBS patients and HCs. More specifically, the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Veillonella, as well as members of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, stand out from the comparisons, although with a somewhat inconsistent association with IBS status.…”

Section: Microbiota In Different Ibs Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: present state and perspectives

2010

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that has been associated with aberrant microbiota. This review focuses on the recent molecular insights generated by analysing the intestinal microbiota in subjects suffering from IBS. Special emphasis is given to studies that compare and contrast the microbiota of healthy subjects with that of IBS patients classified into different subgroups based on their predominant bowel pattern as defined by the Rome criteria. The current data available from a limited number of patients do not reveal pronounced and reproducible IBS-related deviations of entire phylogenetic or functional microbial groups, but rather support the concept that IBS patients have alterations in the proportions of commensals with interrelated changes in the metabolic output and overall microbial ecology. The lack of apparent similarities in the taxonomy of microbiota in IBS patients may partially arise from the fact that the applied molecular methods, the nature and location of IBS subjects, and the statistical power of the studies have varied considerably. Most recent advances, especially the finding that several uncharacterized phylotypes show non-random segregation between healthy and IBS subjects, indicate the possibility of discovering bacteria specific for IBS. Moreover, tools are being developed for the functional analysis of the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and IBS. These approaches may be instrumental in the evaluation of the ecological dysbiosis hypothesis in the gut ecosystem. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for research avenues and candidate microbial biomarkers that may eventually be used in IBS diagnosis. IntroductionWe are colonized from birth by a complex microbiota that affects health and disease. By far the greater part of this microbiota resides in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and can be considered as an organ within an organ (Bocci, 1992). As many of the GI tract microbes have not yet been cultured and are only recognized based on their 16S rDNA sequences, molecular high-throughput approaches have been developed to study the diversity and functionality of the thousands of phylotypes that have been predicted to be present in the GI tract (for a full review, see Zoetendal et al., 2008). These studies have revealed that the composition of the microbiota in healthy adults is highly subject-specific and stable, indicating an individual core. Comparative microbiota analyses between multiple healthy subjects indicate that a limited proportion of phylotypes are shared between individuals, forming a common core microbiota that is assumed to be functionally redundant (Qin et al., 2010;Tap et al., 2009;Turnbaugh et al., 2009). Recent metagenomic sequence analysis of the GI tract microbiota has confirmed this and defined a reference set of over three million unique genes that vastly exceeds the coding capacity of the human genome (Qin et al., 2010). Insight into the microbiota of healthy subjects allows comparisons with that of compromised...

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Section: Microbiota In Different Ibs Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Microbiota In Different Ibs Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiota In Different Ibs Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: present state and perspectives

2010

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“…60 Recent studies of the microbiota in adults with different IBS subtypes have also confirmed specific gut bacterial dysbiosis, with a decrease in bifidobacteria in IBS-D patients and increase in Gammaproteobacteria. [61][62][63] Furthermore, several species have now been correlated with a lower or higher severity as well as frequency of pain in children (Fig. 3) and warrant further investigation.…”

Section: The Association Between Intestinal Microbiome and The Brain-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The intestinal microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in neurogastroenterology

Saulnier¹,

et al. 2013

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The brain-gut axis allows bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS), linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions. Recent experimental work suggests that the gut microbiota have an impact on the brain-gut axis. A group of experts convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) discussed the role of gut bacteria on brain functions and the implications for probiotic and prebiotic science. The experts reviewed and discussed current available data on the role of gut microbiota on epithelial cell function, gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensitivity, perception and behavior. Data, mostly gathered from animal studies, suggest interactions of gut microbiota not only with the enteric nervous system but also with the central nervous system via neural, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and humoral links. Microbial colonization impacts mammalian brain development in early life and subsequent adult behavior. These findings provide novel insights for improved understanding of the potential role of gut microbial communities on psychological disorders, most particularly in the field of psychological comorbidities associated with functional bowel disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and should present new opportunity for interventions with pro-and prebiotics.

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“…The most distinctive symptom sub-type is IBS-D, which could also be a result of the impact of the diarrhoea on the microbial environment in the gut. In addition, comparatively low quantities of bifidobacteria, which are generally considered beneficial to health, have been detected in several IBS studies (Balsari et al, 1982;Enck et al, 2009;Kerckhoffs et al, 2009;Krogius-Kurikka et al, 2009;Si et al, 2004). This finding, though still preliminary, encourages development of probiotic and prebiotic therapies for IBS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%