Microanalysis of polymers using a windowless energy‐dispersive X‐ray detector

Hayat, Umar; Bartlett, Philip N.; Dodd, George H.; Lewis, M. H.

doi:10.1002/pola.1988.080260120

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…We found only a few reports about the electrochemical polymerization of pyridylamine. [3][4][5] Very few studies on the chemical polymerization of pyridylamine have been reported. 6 Particularly, no report concerning the copolymerization of pyridylamine with aniline (AN) has been found hitherto.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative copolymerization of 2-pyridylamine and aniline

Huang

et al. 2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative copolymerization of 2-pyridylamine and aniline

Huang

et al. 2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Polymerization Processes, 2. Modeling of Processes and Reactors

Hamielec

Tobita

2011

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Processes and Reactor Modeling for Step‐Growth Polymerization 2.1. Types of Reactors and Reactor Modeling 2.2. Specific Processes 3. Processes and Reactor Modeling for Chain‐Growth Polymerization 3.1. Material Balance Equations for Batch, Semi‐Batch, and Continuous Reactors 3.1.1. Rates of Reaction and Copolymer Composition 3.1.2. Molecular Masses, Long‐Chain Branching, and Cross‐Linking 3.2. Examples of Free‐Radical Polymerization 3.2.1. Homopolymerization ‐ Linear Chains 3.2.2. Copolymerization ‐ Linear Chains 3.2.3. Copolymerization ‐ Long‐Chain Branching 3.3. Polymerization Processes 3.3.1. Solution Polymerization 3.3.1.1. Polymer Soluble in Monomer 3.3.1.2. Addition of a Solvent in which both Monomer and Polymer are Miscible 3.3.1.3. Polymer ‐ Polymer Demixing during Polymerization 3.3.2. Precipitation Polymerization 3.3.2.1. Polymer Insoluble in its Monomer 3.3.2.2. Monomer Functioning as Solvent for the Polymer 3.3.3. Suspension Polymerization 3.3.3.1. Qualitative Description 3.3.3.2. Dispersants 3.3.3.3. Mechanism of Particle Formation 3.3.3.4. Industrial Applications 3.3.4. Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.4.1. Theories of Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.4.2. Physicochemical Parameters of Dispersions 3.3.4.3. Inverse Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.4.4. Semi‐Batch Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.4.5. Continuous Emulsion Polymerization 3.4. Miscellaneous Processes 3.5. Ionic Polymerization Modeling 3.5.1. Introduction 3.5.2. Heterogeneous Coordination Polymerization 3.6. Process Variables, Reactor Dynamics/ Stability, On‐Line Monitoring and Control 3.6.1. Influence of Reactor Type and Configuration on Molecular Mass and Copolymer Composition Distributions, and on Long‐Chain Branching and Cross‐Linking 3.6.1.1. Monomer Coupling with Bimolecular Termination Plug Flow and Batch Reactors (CPFR/BR) 3.6.1.2. Monomer Coupling Without Termination Plug Flow and Batch Reactors (CPFR/BR) 3.6.1.3. Polymer Coupling 3.6.1.4. Copolymerization 3.6.1.5. Long‐Chain Branching and Cross‐Linking 3.6.2. Reactor Dynamics and Stability 3.6.3. On‐Line Monitoring and Control 4. Acknowledgement

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Emulsion polymerization of supermicron, monodisperse acrylic copolymer particles with core‐shell structures

O’Callaghan

Paine

Rudin

1995

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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SYNOPSISThe emulsion polymerization of large MMA/BA copolymer particles with narrow particle size distributions and core-shell structure is described. A series of sequential seeded growth emulsion polymerizations were used to obtain monodisperse particles with diameters of at least 3 Km, at 30% solids contents. Because the core and shell polymers used here were chemically similar, core-shell structures could not be verified by differential staining techniques. Core-shell structure was demonstrated by minimum film-forming temperature studies and by scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis, using chlorine-labeled core polymers. 0 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Microanalysis of polymers using a windowless energy‐dispersive X‐ray detector

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Oxidative copolymerization of 2-pyridylamine and aniline

Oxidative copolymerization of 2-pyridylamine and aniline

Polymerization Processes, 2. Modeling of Processes and Reactors

Emulsion polymerization of supermicron, monodisperse acrylic copolymer particles with core‐shell structures

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