Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. as a potential ingredient in low fishmeal diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Gong, Yangyang; Bandara, Tharindu; Huntley, Mark E.; Johnson, Zackary I.; Dias, Jorge; Dahle, Dalia; Sørensen, Mette; Kiron, Viswanath

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.11.049

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, respectively. In particular, previous results in rainbow trout showed that the inclusion of this green microalgae at 12%, 20%, 25%, and 39% did not result in improvements in somatic growth nor nutrient utilization [18], whereas in Atlantic salmon its dietary inclusion at 10% and 20% did not improve somatic growth and even depressed growth performance at higher levels [35]. The biochemical profile of the tested green microalgae was: 51.1% crude protein (lysine = 23.2 mg g −1 ; methionine = 6.1 mg g −1 ; threonine = 16.9 mg g −1 ; free amino acid content = 15.80 mg/g), 26.3% fat (total saturated fatty acids = 23.4%; total monounsaturated fatty acids = 8.1%; total polyunsaturated fatty acids = 68.4%; EPA + DHA = 0%), 24.1% carbohydrate, 8.4% ash, and 3.4% fiber.…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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The Inclusion of the Microalga Scenedesmus sp. in Diets for Rainbow Trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Juveniles

Skalli¹,

Firmino

Andrée

et al. 2020

Animals

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A nutritional study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of the green microalga Scenedesmus sp. at 5% (SCE-5) as an alternative fishmeal ingredient. This microalga was tested with four replicates during 45 days using isolipidic (18%), isoproteic (48%), and isoenergetic (1.9 MJ kg−1) diets. Fish fed Scenedesmus sp. showed similar growth and feed efficiency parameters as the control group. Regarding the digestive function, the SCE-5 diet enhanced the activity of alkaline pancreatic proteases, whereas it did not affect that of intestinal enzymes involved in nutrient absorption. No histological alterations were found in fish fed the SCE-5 diet, although a higher density of goblet cells in the anterior intestine and changes in gut microbiome diversity were found in this group, which collectively suggests positive effects of this green microalga on the intestine. Dietary Scenedesmus sp. improved the fillet’s nutritional quality in terms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels, although it also increased its yellowish color. The overall results of this study showed that Scenedesmus sp. is a safe ingredient for compound feeds in rainbow trout when considering fish growth performance, animal condition, and health parameters, although it substantially affected the color of the fillet that may potentially affect consumers’ preferences.

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Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…at 5% represented 24.4% of the FM replacement. This single dietary inclusion level was chosen based on the results from Vizcaino et al [18] and Gong et al [35], who tested the inclusion of Scenedesmus sp. in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, respectively.…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inclusion of the Microalga Scenedesmus sp. in Diets for Rainbow Trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Juveniles

Skalli¹,

Firmino

Andrée

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…The urgent need for natural high-quality ingredients will increase with the growth of the aquaculture industry. Therefore, in the future, feed ingredients should be derived from sustainable sources [ 39 ]. Among the organisms present in marine and aquatic food webs, algae possess the highest ability to synthesize long-chain PUFAs; unlike, most animals are not able to synthesize essential fatty acids that can be converted into long-chain PUFAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prostaglandins are precursors to compounds known as tissue hormones [ 40 ]. As microalgae are primary producers of EPA and DHA in the marine and aquatic food web, there is increasing interest in their use as additives and supplements in fish feeds [ 39 , 41 ]. The biochemical composition of microalgae can be modulated by altering certain nutrients, environmental stress and culture conditions to induce the microorganisms to produce high concentrations of the desired nutrient [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid metabolism is strongly influenced by environmental factors, especially nutrition, and limitation of nitrogen and phosphorus [ 31 ]. Although strain- and species-specific variations in fatty acid composition are evident, some microalgae are promising sources of PUFA, especially EPA and DHA [ 39 , 43 ]. The genus Nannochloropsis is more widely distributed in the marine ecosystems than that of freshwater ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional Enhancement of Farmed Salmon Meat via Non-GMO Nannochloropsis Gaditana: Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) and Vitamin D3 for Human Health

et al. 2020

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Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFAs) and vitamin D3 are essential components of human nutrition. A regular human diet is highly deficient in n-3 LC PUFAs. Fish like salmon are highly recommended in the human diet as they are a major source of high-value n-3 LC PUFAs and vitamin D3. The levels of these nutrients have been decreasing over the last few years in farmed salmon, whose production urgently needs sustainable sources of these nutrients. The microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana (NG) is known for its naturally high potential for the production of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5 n-3) fatty acid. A commercial diet for Atlantic salmon was supplemented with 1% and 10% of spray-dried NG grown under controlled conditions for a high EPA content. Salmon were harvested on day 49, following which, boneless and skinless salmon meat was recovered from fish and analyzed for the fatty acid profile, total fat, and vitamin D3. Vitamin D3, EPA, and docosapentaenoic fatty acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) by supplementing the basal diet with 10% NG, thus, NG represents a novel, functional, natural ingredient and a sustainable source of n-3 LC-PUFAs that can raise the levels of healthy fats and vitamin D3 in farmed salmon meat.

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Enhancement of polyunsaturated fatty acid production under low-temperature stress in Cylindrotheca closterium

et al. 2020

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Marine microalgae synthetize great amounts of essential metabolites such as fatty acids and amino acids. In addition, their exposure to stress factors can induce the overproduction of these desirable metabolites. Thus, in this work, we assessed the effect of low-temperature stress on lipid production and composition of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, in order to evaluate its potential as an alternative feedstock of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The alga was first cultured in a photobioreactor at 20°C (control), and stressed by suddenly lowering the culture temperature, from 20°C to 11°C, at the exponential (LTEP) or stationary (LTSP) growth phases. Neutral lipids (NLs) were the main lipid fraction of all conditions assayed, and their production was maximal at LTSP. Fatty acid analysis also showed that the greatest production of PUFAs was observed in the NL fraction at LTSP condition. In terms of essential fatty acids, the production of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was similar in both treatments. The production of omega-6 fatty acids was significantly higher in the LTSP condition due to an increase in arachidonic acid content. Sterols increased under both stress conditions, with a predominance of cholesterol. Considering that the LTSP condition elicited the best PUFA production, the amino acid composition was determined. The 46.81% of total amino acids were essential components for aquatic animals. These findings provide evidence of the potential of C. closterium as an alternative, sustainable source of sterols, essential fatty acids, and amino acids.

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Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. as a potential ingredient in low fishmeal diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Cited by 48 publications

References 52 publications

The Inclusion of the Microalga Scenedesmus sp. in Diets for Rainbow Trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Juveniles

The Inclusion of the Microalga Scenedesmus sp. in Diets for Rainbow Trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Juveniles

Nutritional Enhancement of Farmed Salmon Meat via Non-GMO Nannochloropsis Gaditana: Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) and Vitamin D3 for Human Health

Enhancement of polyunsaturated fatty acid production under low-temperature stress in Cylindrotheca closterium

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