Microalgae for Aquaculture: The Current Global Situation Future Trends

Muller‐Feuga, Arnaud

doi:10.1002/9780470995280.ch19

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For numerous freshwater and seawater animal species, introduction of phytoplankton to rearing ponds (the so-called green-water technique) produces much better results in terms of survival, growth and transformation index than the classical clear-water technique [19][20][21]. The rationale behind this observation is not entirely known, yet it may include water quality improvement by oxygen production and pH stabilization, and action of some excreted biochemical compounds, along with induction of behavioral processes such as initial prey catching and regulation of bacterial population [4,22], probiotic effects [23], and stimulation of immunity [24].…”

Section: General Attributes Of Microalgal Species In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Value and Uses of Microalgae in Aquaculture

Guedes¹,

Malcata²

2012

Aquaculture

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Section: General Attributes Of Microalgal Species In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Value and Uses of Microalgae in Aquaculture

Guedes¹,

Malcata²

2012

Aquaculture

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“…flagellates) to live feeds, rotifers (Brachionus spp.) and Artemia nauplii, for the rearing of larval marine crustacean and fish species (Muller-Feuga, 2004). …”

Section: 23microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and aquaculture in perspective

2015

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Abbreviations: ARA, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6); CVD, cardiovascular disease; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3); DPA, docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3); EFA, essential fatty acid; Elovl, fatty acid elongase; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3); Fads, fatty acyl desaturase; FM, fishmeal; FO, fish oil; LC-PUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥ C20 ≥ 3 double bonds); LOA, linoleic acid (18:2n-6); LNA, linolenic acid (18:3n-3); PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; TAG, triacylglycerol; VO, vegetable oil. ABSTRACTIn the 40 years since the essentiality of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish was first established by determining quantitative requirements for 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 in rainbow trout, essential fatty acid (EFA) research has gone through distinct phases. For 20 years the focus was primarily on determining qualitative and quantitative EFA requirements of fish species. Nutritional and biochemical studies showed major differences between fish species based on whether C 18 PUFA or long-chain (LC)-PUFA were required to satisfy requirements. In contrast, in the last 20 years, research emphasis shifted to determining "optimal" levels of EFA to support growth of fish fed diets with increased lipid content and where growth expectations were much higher. This required greater knowledge of the roles and functions of EFA in metabolism and physiology, and how these impacted on fish health and disease. Requirement studies were more focused on early life stages, in particular larval marine fish, defining not only levels, but also balances between different EFA. Finally, a major driver in the last 10-15 years has been the unavoidable replacement of fish oil and fishmeal in feeds and the impacts that this can have on n-3 LC-PUFA contents of diets and farmed fish, and the human consumer. Thus, dietary n-3 in fish feeds can be defined by three levels.Firstly, the minimum level required to satisfy EFA requirements and thus prevent nutritional pathologies. This level is relatively small and easy to supply even with today's current high demand for fish oil. The second level is that required to sustain maximum growth and optimum health in fish being fed modern high-energy diets. The balance between different PUFA and LC-PUFA is important and defining them is more challenging, and so ideal levels and balances are still not well understood, particularly in relation to fish health. The third level is currently driving much research; how can we supply sufficient n-3 LC-PUFA to maintain the nutritional quality of farmed fish at the same level as 20 years ago, and similar or better than in wild fish? This level far exceeds the biological requirements of the fish itself and to satisfy it we require entirely new sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. We cannot rely on the finite and limited marine resources that we can sustainably harvest or 3 efficiently recycle. We need to produce n-3 LC-PUFA de novo and all possible options should be considered.Keywords: Fish oil; essential fatty acids; nutrition; health; metabolism; sustainability 4 Highl...

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“…In fact, 30% of the current world algal production is sold for animal feed applications [92] and over 50% of the current world production of Arthrospira is used as feed supplement [85]. In 1999, the production of microalgae for aquaculture reached 1000 t (62% for molluscs, 21% for shrimps, and 16% for fish) for a global world aquaculture production of 43x10 6 t of plants and animals [93]. The importance of algae in this domain is not surprising as they are the natural food source of these animals.…”

Section: Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal Biotechnology: Prospects and Applications

Mostafa¹

2012

Plant Science

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Plant Science 276composition, pigments and different constituents which may vary with salt stressed culture conditions and describe the antioxidant characteristics of algae. What are microalgae?Microalgae are prokaryotic or eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that produce carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as a result of photosynthesis. They can grow rapidly and live in harsh conditions due to their unicellular or simple multicellular structure. Examples of prokaryotic microorganisms are Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyceae) and eukaryotic microalgae are for example green algae (Chlorophyta) and diatoms (Bacillariophyta). Microalgae are present in all existing earth ecosystems, not just aquatic but also terrestrial, representing a big variety of species living in a wide range of environmental conditions. It is estimated that more than 50,000 species exist, but only a limited number, of around 30,000, have been studied and analyzed [4]. Sunlight, water, nutrients and arable land are the major requirements for growing algae. Micro algae have the ability to fix CO2 using solar energy with efficiency 10 times greater than that of the terrestrial plants with numerous additional technological advantages. Algae are more efficient at utilizing sunlight than terrestrial plants, consume harmful pollutants, have minimal resource requirements and do not compete with food or agriculture for precious resources [5].

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Microalgae for Aquaculture: The Current Global Situation Future Trends

Cited by 45 publications

References 18 publications

Nutritional Value and Uses of Microalgae in Aquaculture

Nutritional Value and Uses of Microalgae in Aquaculture

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and aquaculture in perspective

Microalgal Biotechnology: Prospects and Applications

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