Microalbuminuria: associations with height and sex in non-diabetic subjects.

Gould, Mairi; Mohamed‐Ali, Vidya; Goubet, Stephanie; Yudkin, J; Haines, Andy

doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6872.240

Cited by 105 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Based on a similar relationship observed in British men, 27 Yudkin 28 proposed that it might re¯ect early environmental in¯uences that predispose to later cardiovascular disease. Most European New Zealanders are of British descent and 39.8% of participants (41.7% men and 33.9% women) in this study were not born in New Zealand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Associations between body morphology and microalbuminuria in healthy middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific Island New Zealanders

Metcalf

Scragg

Dryson³

1997

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between albuminuria and measures of body morphology. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of European, Maori and Paci®c Island workers aged 40 y and over. SUBJECTS: 3960 non-diabetic, non-hypertensive, non-lipidaemic, non-proteinuric middle-aged men and women. MEASUREMENTS: Height, weight, waist, hip, fasting and 2 h glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, urinary creatinine and urinary albumin measurements. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and gender, the relative risks (95% con®dence interval) of microalbuminuria were 4.87-fold (3.10±7.64) higher in Maori, and 4.96-fold (3.40±7.24) higher in Paci®c Islanders compared to European New Zealanders. In contrast, age and gender adjusted relative risks (95% con®dence interval) for high albumin:creatinine ratios were 6.38 (4.27, 9.53) in Maori and 5.14 (3.54, 7.48) in Paci®c Islanders compared to European workers. Workers with microalbuminuria had higher urinary creatinine concentrations than those with urinary albumin in the normal range. Age and gender adjusted partial correlation coef®cients between urinary albumin concentrations and the inverse of urinary creatinine concentrations were highest in European and Maori workers. Apart from Paci®c Islanders, urinary creatinine concentrations accounted for over 20% of the variation in urinary albumin concentrations in healthy individuals. Other independent predictors of urinary albumin concentrations were waist measurements, short stature and body mass index in Europeans and Paci®c Islanders, and systolic blood pressure levels and gender in Europeans. After adjusting for age, gender, waist, height, 2 h glucose, urinary creatinine, systolic blood pressure and body mass index Maori and Paci®c Islanders still had signi®cantly higher urinary albumin concentrations than Europeans. CONCLUSION: Urinary creatinine concentrations were signi®cantly associated with urinary albumin concentrations in all ethnic groups, and, with the exception of Paci®c Islanders, accounted for a large proportion of the variation in urinary albumin concentrations in healthy individuals. Urinary albumin concentrations were associated with measures of obesity and short stature in Europeans and Paci®c Islanders, and systolic blood pressure levels and gender in Europeans. However, measures of body morphology did not completely explain the higher urinary albumin concentrations in Maori or Paci®c Islanders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Associations between body morphology and microalbuminuria in healthy middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific Island New Zealanders

Metcalf

Scragg

Dryson³

1997

Int J Obes

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“…Finland, FINRISK-1987 [37] Finland, East-West Finland [36] Finland, Oulu [40] Sweden, Northern Sweden MONICA Survey [45] Finland, FINRISK-1992 [37] Sweden, Malmö (MPP) [24] Study UK, Cambridge (Ely) [47] Finland, Vantaa [41] Poland, Krakow [44] The Netherlands, Hoorn [43] Italy, Cremona [42] Denmark, Glostrup [35] Finland, FINRISK-2002 [38] Sweden, Uppsala [46] UK, Goodinge [48] UK, Newcastle [49] Finland, Helsinki policemen [39] 1.06 (1.02−1.09) Fig. 1 HR (black circle) and 95% CI (horizontal line) of allcancer death corresponding to a study-specific one SD increase in fasting plasma glucose for each study cohort and for all cohorts pooled together.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finland, FINRISK-1987 [37] Finland, East-West Finland [36] Italy, Cremona [42] Finland, FINRISK-2002 [38] Sweden, Uppsala [46] Finland, Helsinki policemen [39] Study Poland, Krakow [44] Finland, FINRISK-1992 [37] Sweden, Northern Sweden MONICA Survey [45] Sweden, Malmö (MPP) [24] UK, Newcastle [49] UK, Goodinge [48] Finland, Vantaa [41] The Netherlands, Hoorn [43] Finland, Oulu [40] Denmark, Glostrup [35] UK, Cambridge (Ely) [47] 1.07 (1.03−1.11) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes, prediabetes and cancer mortality

et al. 2010

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Aims/hypothesis We aimed to investigate the risk of cancer mortality in relation to the glucose tolerance status classified according to the 2 h OGTT. Methods Data from 17 European population-based or occupational cohorts involved in the DECODE study comprising 26,460 men and 18,195 women aged 25-90 years were collaboratively analysed. The cohorts were recruited between 1966 and 2004 and followed for 5.9 to 36.8 years. Cox proportional hazards analysis with adjustment for cohort, age, BMI, total cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking status was used to estimate HRs for cancer mortality. Results Compared with people in the normal glucose category, multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) for cancer mortality were 1.13 (1.00, 1.28), 1.27 (1.02, 1.57) and 1.71 (1.35, 2.17) in men with prediabetes, previously undiagnosed diabetes and known diabetes, respectively; in women they were 1.11 (0.94, 1.30), 1.31 (1.00, 1.70) and 1.43 (1.01, 2.02), respectively. Significant Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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“…These results agree with our conclusion that there are gender differences in the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on UAE. In a study in non-diabetic subjects, Gould et al (8) showed that UAE was positively associated with age, BP (SBP and DBP), and fasting plasma glucose and negatively associated with height in men, whereas SBP was the only factor associated with UAE in women. These authors (as well as the DESIR authors) used two different models for studying the difference between genders, while we used one model to determine gender differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Differently Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Men and Women

Verhave¹,

Hillege

Burgerhof

et al. 2003

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

107

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Abstract. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is not equally distributed among genders, men being more affected than women. It is not clear whether this is only related to a higher prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors or to a similar prevalence of the risk factors as in women but a greater vascular susceptibility to these risk factors in men. This was tested by studying the association between various cardiovascular risk factors and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in a large cohort of male and female subjects. While the prevalence of smoking and hypercholesterolemia was comparable between the genders, obesity was more common in women, and diabetes and hypertension were more frequent in men. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was about twofold higher in men. Interestingly, for a given level of any risk factor, UAE was higher in men than in women. On multivariate analysis with UAE as the dependent variable, an interaction with gender was found for the risk factors age, body mass index, and plasma glucose. Thus, for a higher age, body mass index, and glucose, the UAE is significantly increased in men when compared with women. It is concluded that gender differences exist in the association between cardiovascular risk factors and UAE. This is consistent with a larger vascular susceptibility to these risk factors in men as compared with women.Cardiovascular risk differs between men and women. Men have a higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than women (1,2). The lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease is one in two for men and one in three for women (3). This raises the question why men are more prone to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Is it because the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and smoking, is higher in men? Or is the vasculature in men more sensitive to a given risk factor than in women, or is it a combination of both (1,4)? An increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is considered as a marker of damage of the vascular endothelium, the latter being the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases, and it has been shown that an elevated UAE is associated with a higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (5-7). Interestingly, the prevalence of microalbuminuria is higher in men than in women (8 -11).We hypothesize that the known cardiovascular risk factors have a more harmful effect on the vascular endothelium in men as compared with women. We tested this hypothesis by studying the association between cardiovascular risk factors and UAE in a large cohort of male and female subjects, as part of the PREVEND study. Material and Methods Study Design and PopulationAs part of the PREVEND study (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease), all inhabitants of the city of Groningen, the Netherlands, aged between 28 to 75 yr were asked to answer a short questionnaire and send in a morning urine sample. The aim of the PREVEND study is to determine the relation between microalbuminuria (the dichotomized parameter of elevate...

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Microalbuminuria: associations with height and sex in non-diabetic subjects.

Cited by 105 publications

References 13 publications

Associations between body morphology and microalbuminuria in healthy middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific Island New Zealanders

Associations between body morphology and microalbuminuria in healthy middle-aged European, Maori and Pacific Island New Zealanders

Diabetes, prediabetes and cancer mortality

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Differently Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Men and Women

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