Micro‐ and Nanomachines on the Move

Unidirectional Propulsion of Planar Magnetic Nanomachines

“…The linear velocity, U can be found in the same way as was done for in-plane rotating field [19,24,25], as the constant component of the field δH ẑ affects propulsion only through dynamic orientation of the propeller. Expressing the magnetic torque, L, from the second equation in (2) and substituting it into the the first equation in (2), the translational velocity can be readily found as U = G • F −1 • Ω . By symmetry the time-averaged linear velocity for in-sync actuation is along the z-axis.…”

“…Controlled propulsion of artificial micro-and nanostructures that can be actuated and precisely navigated through a fluidic environment has recently attracted considerable attention. While many different approaches ranging from catalytic nanowires to thermally, light-and acoustically-driven nanomachines are being explored, driven propulsion powered by an external rotating magnetic field offering remote, engine-less and fuel-free steering of micro-/nanostructures, is particularly appealing for prospective biomedical applications (see [1,2] for review).…”

Nanozyme-Triggered Cascade Reactions from Cup-Shaped Nanomotors Promote Active Cellular Targeting

“…Active searching and efficient targeting toward lesion location remain a formidable challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Recently, self-propelled micro/nanomotors (MNMs), which convert local or external energies into mechanical motion, have emerged as a novel methodology to drive nanocargoes toward biological targets [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Particularly, the active cellular searching and internalization capabilities of MNMs can be modulated by regulating their speed and direction [26].…”

Halloysite-Based Nanorockets with Light-Enhanced Self-Propulsion for Efficient Water Remediation

“…Micro-/nanomotors, as artificial micro-/nanoscale devices, are capable of converting surrounding fuel or external stimuli to self-propelled locomotion. , With the incorporation of functional molecules, such micro-/nanomotors were able to tackle complex and designed tasks and are envisioned to revolutionize nanoscience and nanotechnology in fields such as environmental remediation, − microsurgery, , and drug delivery. , Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the fabrication and application of micro-/nanomotors including Janus microspheres, , bimetallic nanowires, , tubular micro-/nanorockets, , and supramolecular motors, , which are commonly driven by self-diffusiophoresis, self-electrophoresis, bubble propulsion, etc . The motion velocity is of vital importance for micro-/nanomotors, and the higher speed translating to stronger propulsion and cargo towing abilities can effectively tackle more complex tasks especially in the field of environmental remediation and drug delivery. , Currently, increasing the fuel concentration or adding extra fuels (H 2 O 2 , , urea, , hydrazine, , etc …”

“…21 The motion velocity is of vital importance for micro-/ nanomotors, and the higher speed translating to stronger propulsion and cargo towing abilities can effectively tackle more complex tasks especially in the field of environmental remediation and drug delivery. 22,23 Currently, increasing the fuel concentration or adding extra fuels (H 2 O 2 , 24,25 urea, 26,27 hydrazine, 28,29 etc. 30 ) has been the most commonly used method for enhancing the propulsion of chemically powered micro-/nanomotors.…”