MHD conjugate natural convection and entropy generation of a nanofluid filled square enclosure with multiple heat-generating elements in the presence of Joule heating

MHD free convection with Joule heating and entropy generation inside an H-shaped hollow structure

“…Other factors like radiation, internally generated heat, and any dissipation from fluid viscosity are considered insignificant. With these assumptions in mind, the mathematical equations of the existing problem can be expressed as follows [ 30 ]: In these governing equations, ( x, y ) represents the Cartesian coordinates, while ( u, v ) corresponds to the components of velocity in the respective coordinates. Other variables, for example, T and p , also stand for temperature and pressure, respectively, and σ is the electrical conductivity of water.…”

“…To find out the system's performance under MHD free convection, the individual mean Nusselt number ( Nu s ) along a heated surface can be calculated as [ 30 ]: where L e is the length of the corresponding heated surface, s and S denote dimensional and dimensionless surface lengths, respectively, and n and N are the wall-normal distances in dimensional and dimensionless forms, respectively. The mean Nusselt number ( Nu ) for this problem can be evaluated by averaging the individual mean Nusselt number (11) along six hot walls (CD, DE, EF, IJ, JK, and KM) as follows [ 30 ]: …”

“…Along with MHD free convection, the effect of Joule heating also attracted several researchers [ [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ]. Ghaffarpasand [ 27 ] studied the effects of Joule heating on MHD free convective heat transfer within a porous chamber filled with Cu-water nanofluid.…”

“…Later, Vasu [ 28 ] and Gholinia et al [ 29 ] investigated the influences of Joule heating on MHD free convective flow of nanofluid over an inclined surface. Tasnim et al [ 30 ] recently examined a nanofluid's conjugate natural convective flow within a square chamber featuring multiple heat-generating objects. They studied the impact of a magnetic field along with Joule heating.…”

Enhancing Heat Transfer in Blood Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Ag–TiO2 Nanoparticles and Electrical Field in a Tilted Cylindrical W-Shape Stenosis Artery: A Finite Difference Approach

“…This phenomenon induces a rise in entropy and a concomitant reduction in the quantity of work that can be derived from the system. Comprehending and mitigating entropy generation is of utmost importance in enhancing the efficacy of energy conversion mechanisms and curbing wastage [29][30][31][32].…”