Methyl jasmonate and crude extracts of Fusarium solani elicit agarwood compounds in shoot culture of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.

Abstract

Agarwood forms in the heartwood of trees in the family Thymelaeaceae in response to wounding, infection, or other stresses. Its formation is random and takes decades in natural populations, which are harvested for their aromatic compounds. This harvest has led to declining population, and many agarwood producing trees are considered endangered. Therefore, an alternative source would be desirable. We established an in vitro shoot culture method for one agarwood species, Aquillaria malaccensis . Agarwood production was elicited by introducing methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and crude extracts of Fusarium solani into the liquid culture medium. A high concentration of MeJA resulted in necrotic shoot tissue, while application of the crude extracts had no effect on growth of the shoots. Interestingly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of MeJA-treated shoots revealed the presence of several agarwood compounds, including sesquiterpenes and chromone derivative. In addition, GC-MS analysis of shoot-treated with the extracts revealed the presence of alkanes, aromatic compounds, and fatty acid derivatives. It may be that different elicitors induce the production of different compounds in A. malaccensis in vitro shoot cultures and could be used to manipulate the accumulation of different products in culture.

Anatomical, chemical and endophytic fungal diversity of a Qi-Nan clone of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng with different induction times

“…Fungal infection typically results in elevated production of free fatty acids, which leads to oxidative bursts, resulting in the production of oxygenated compounds, including jasmonate ( Sen et al., 2017 ), and found that jasmonic acid (JA) can be synthesized by endophytic strains in A. sinensis ( Chen et al., 2017 ). It is widely recognized that JA plays a significant role as a key signaling molecule in triggering the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes and chromone derivatives in A. sinensis ( Faizal et al., 2021 ). Interestingly, some endophytic fungi in A. sinensis can also synthesis sesquiterpenes, including Acremonium sp., Collectotrichum sp., Fimetariella rabenhorstii , Nigrospora oryzae , and Nodulisporium sp.…”

Fusarium oxysporum infection-induced formation of agarwood (FOIFA): A rapid and efficient method for inducing the production of high quality agarwood

“…Use of fungal inoculum is highly prioritized among all type of fungi due to the regular growth of fungal mycelia which continuously spreads in the plant, resulting in wound development and high-yield agarwood formation [16]. Previous study has shown that crude extracts of Fusarium could not lead to the formation or accumulation of sesquiterpenes and 2-2 phenythylchromone in shoot culture of Aquilaria specie plants, whereas methyl jasmonate does [30]. This indicates that the process of agarwood formation…”

Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel, Perbandingan Jumlah Pelarut dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Perolehan Rendemen Aquilaria Malaccensis Lam.

“…Aquilaria Malaccensis Lam. juga dikenal dengan tanaman kayu gaharu yang merupakan salah satu hasil hutan yang bukan kayu, yangmana pemanfaatan rendemennya diminati oleh industri obat-obatan dan juga di industri kosmetik [5,6,7]. Saat ini, diketahui sangat banyak jenis minyak atsiri yang telah diteliti.…”