Methods to Provide System-Wide ADS-B Back-Up, Validation and Security

Smith, A.; Cassell, Rick; Breen, T.; Hulstrom, Russell; Evers, C.

doi:10.1109/dasc.2006.313681

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Distance bounding protocols [24,8,9,10] are two-way ranging protocols that rely on cryptographic techniques to enable a verifier to establish an upper bound on the physical distance to a prover. Mutlilateration is a passive localization technique based on the time difference of arrival (TDoA) of signals at geographically distributed stations that can be used for location verification [25,26,27]. However, these approaches only allow for verification of the position of a target, not its velocity and heading.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Motion Verification using the Doppler Effect

Schäfer

Leu²,

Lenders³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Security &Amp; Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks

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Future transportation systems highly rely on the integrity of spatial information provided by their means of transportation such as vehicles and planes. In critical applications (e.g. collision avoidance), tampering with this data can result in life-threatening situations. It is therefore essential for the safety of these systems to securely verify this information. While there is a considerable body of work on the secure verification of locations, movement of nodes has only received little attention in the literature. This paper proposes a new method to securely verify spatial movement of a mobile sender in all dimensions, i.e., position, speed, and direction. Our scheme uses Doppler shift measurements from different locations to verify a prover's motion. We provide formal proof for the security of the scheme and demonstrate its applicability to air traffic communications. Our results indicate that it is possible to reliably verify the motion of aircraft in currently operational systems with an equal error rate of zero.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Motion Verification using the Doppler Effect

Schäfer

Leu²,

Lenders³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Security &Amp; Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks

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“…Cost has regularly been named as a main driver of NextGen air traffic adoption [15]. Conventional PSR and SSR technologies are both more expensive to deploy and experience much higher wear and tear compared to ADS-B.…”

Section: Why Is Securing Ads-b a Problem?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight Location Verification in Air Traffic Surveillance Networks

Strohmeier

Lenders²,

Martinovic

2015

Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Cyber-Physical System Security

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In this work, we develop a realistic threat model for attacks on modern air traffic communication networks and show that current state-of-the-art countermeasures such as multilateration are insufficient. We propose two alternatives, a statistical location verification technique and a grid-based location estimation approach, to deal with the identified threats. We evaluate our proposals using real-world flight data and quantify their effectiveness in terms of aircraft location accuracy, resilience to message injection attacks, attack detection speed, and surveillance coverage.Our results show that the statistical verification approach can increase the effective air traffic surveillance coverage compared to multilateration by a factor of more than 100. Concerning our location estimation method, we find that the mean aircraft location accuracy can be increased by up to 41% in comparison with multilateration while also being able to pinpoint ground-based attackers with a mean error of 145 m for air-based attackers. Finally, we demonstrate that our proposal is lightweight as it does not require any changes to the existing air traffic protocols and transmitters, and is easily implemented using only low-cost hardware.

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“…Several studies in Europe and Asia have reported frequently occurring ADS-B position errors reaching up to 7.5 nm (Ali et al 2013;Smith and Cassell 2006;Zhang et al 2011). The main causes for ADS-B not meeting their performance standards are: (1) frequency congestion due to other avionics using the same 1090-MHz frequency spectrum, (2) delays in the broadcasted messages and (3) missed update cycles, resulting mostly in in-trail position errors.…”

Section: Information Requirements and Error Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, it has been shown that ADS-B accuracy is already sufficient enough to meet separation standards and thus could eventually replace current radar technology (e.g., Jones 2003). On the other hand, several studies indicated that offsets between radar and ADS-B position reports could reach up to 7.5 nautical miles (Ali et al 2013;Zhang et al 2011;Smith and Cassell 2006). Despite the fact that continuous efforts are being undertaken by the ATM community to improve the quality of ADS-B reports, such position offsets do provide an interesting case study for fault detection and diagnosis in an airspace where ADS-B technology is used to augment radar data with auxiliary aircraft data, such as the planned waypoint(s), estimated time of arrival, GPS and/or inertial navigation system positions and indicated air speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological interface design: supporting fault diagnosis of automated advice in a supervisory air traffic control task

2017

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Future air traffic control will have to rely on more advanced automation to support human controllers in their job of safely handling increased traffic volumes. A prerequisite for the success of such automation is that the data driving it are reliable. Current technology, however, still warrants human supervision in coping with (data) uncertainties and consequently in judging the quality and validity of machine decisions. In this study, ecological interface design was used to assist controllers in fault diagnosis of automated advice, using a prototype ecological interface (called the solution space diagram) for tactical conflict detection and resolution in the horizontal plane.Results from a human-in-the-loop simulation, in which sixteen participants were tasked with monitoring automation and intervening whenever required or desired, revealed a significant improvement in fault detection and diagnosis in a complex traffic scenario. Additionally, the experiment also exposed interesting interaction patterns between the participants and the advisory system, which seemed unrelated to the fault diagnosis task. Here, the explicit meansends links appeared to have affected participants' control strategy, which was geared toward taking over control from automation, regardless of the fault condition. This result suggests that in realizing effective human-automation teamwork, finding the right balance between offering more insight (e.g., through ecological interfaces) and striving for compliance with single (machine) advice is an avenue worth exploring further.

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Methods to Provide System-Wide ADS-B Back-Up, Validation and Security

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

Secure Motion Verification using the Doppler Effect

Secure Motion Verification using the Doppler Effect

Lightweight Location Verification in Air Traffic Surveillance Networks

Ecological interface design: supporting fault diagnosis of automated advice in a supervisory air traffic control task

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