Methods for the Detection and Remediation of Ammonia from Aquaculture Effluent: A Review

Abstract

Aquaculture practice is growing at an alarming rate in the world due to rising human population and improved agricultural activities. It is a very important sector that is contributing to the food security of various nations, generating employment and foreign exchange earnings for economic development. However, this practice produces large amount of ammonia based effluent thus threatening environmental sustainability. This review focused on the critical assessment of various physicochemical and biological treatments applied in the remediation of ammonia from aquaculture effluent. The physicochemical methods include mainly adsorption, photocatalytic and electrochemical degradation by different materials while the biological methods involve the use of plant biomass, animals and microorganisms. In addition, different detection methods of ammonia and environmental impact of climate change on aquaculture management system were discussed.