Method for quantitating the molecular content of a subcellular organelle: hormone and neurophysin content of newly formed and aged neurosecretory granules.

Nordmann, J; Morris, John F.

doi:10.1073/pnas.81.1.180

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Longitudinal sections of magnocellular dendrites confirm that the content of NSG varies from area to area within a dendrite. However, we have shown (POW and ) that the number of exocytoses observed corresponds well with what would be expected from a consideration of the assayable release of vasopressin and oxytocin from explanted supraoptic nuclei (Moos et al, 1984;Mason et al, 19861, the hormone content of a single NSG (Morris, 1976;Nordmann and Morris, 1984), and the geometry of the dendritic tree (see Morris et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Widespread release of peptides in the central nervous system: Quantitation of tannic acid‐captured exocytoses

Morris¹,

Pow²

1991

Anat. Rec.

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Tannic acid methods have been applied to capture the exocytosis of peptide-containing granules from peptidergic neurons. The captured exocytoses have been quantitated to assess the proportion and amount of peptide released at different parts of the neuronal membrane. Examination of hypothalamic synaptic boutons shows that only about one-half of the peptidergic vesicles is exocytosed into the synaptic cleft and also that exocytosis also occurs from undilated peptidergic axons. Study of the magnocellular neurosecretory system reveals that all parts of their extensive terminal arborization appear to be equally capable to exocytose peptide. Only about one-half of their peptide is released from their nerve endings, which about the capillaries. The remainder is released much deeper in the lobules of secretory tissue where its principal target(s) could be the pituicytes and/or neurosecretory axons. Dendrites of magnocellular neurons are also capable of releasing peptide by exocytosis and dendrites could release sufficient oxytocin and vasopressin to account for the peptide known to be released into the hypothalamus. We conclude that peptidergic neurons release substantial amounts of peptides from all of their processes and that this must be taken into account when considering what functions those peptides might serve.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Widespread release of peptides in the central nervous system: Quantitation of tannic acid‐captured exocytoses

Morris¹,

Pow²

1991

Anat. Rec.

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“…Although the neurohypophysis provides a useful model for studying neuropeptide release, there are some serious differences between peptide release from large neurohypophyseal boutons filled with large neurosecretory vesicles and peptide release from the more common small axon terminals that may possess medium size (100 nm diameter) neuropeptide-containing DCVs; large DCVs have been estimated to contain 60,000 (Dreifuss,1975) or 85,000 (Nordmann and Morris,1984) molecules of oxytocin or vasopressin. The volume of the medium size DCVs in most neurons is roughly about 1/8 of the volume of the large DCV in magnocellular neurons, suggesting a similarly reduced peptide content (Fig.…”

Section: Neuropeptide Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Transmission in Brain Circuits

Pol

2012

Neuron

637

448

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Neuropeptides are found in many mammalian CNS neurons where they play key roles in modulating neuronal activity. In contrast to amino acid transmitter release at the synapse, neuropeptide release is not restricted to the synaptic specialization, and after release, a neuropeptide may diffuse some distance to exert its action through a G-protein coupled receptor. Some neuropeptides such as hypocretin/orexin are synthesized only in single regions of the brain, and the neurons releasing these peptides probably have similar functional roles. Other peptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) are synthesized throughout the brain, and neurons that synthesize the peptide in one region have no anatomical or functional connection with NPY neurons in other brain regions. Here, I review converging data revealing a complex interaction between slow-acting neuromodulator peptides and fast-acting amino acid transmitters in the control of energy homeostasis, drug addiction, mood and motivation, sleep-wake states, and neuroendocrine regulation.

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“…per terminal for 1 n.s.g. contains on average 1-73 x 10-4 pg of hormone (Nordmann & Morris, 1984). In other words only a thousandth of the nerve terminals will release 1 n.s.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of patterned burst and interburst interval on the excitation‐coupling mechanism in the isolated rat neural lobe.

Cazalis¹,

Dayanithi²,

Nordmann³

1985

The Journal of Physiology

Self Cite

291

231

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SUMMARY1. Isolated rat neural lobes were stimulated electrically and the release of vasopressin and oxytocin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The neurohypophyses were stimulated with pulses given at a constant frequency or with a pulse pattern imitating the electrical activity, recorded in vivo, of vasopressin-or oxytocincontaining magnocellular neurones.2. A single burst recorded from a 'vasopressin' cell with an intraburst mean frequency of 13 Hz evoked more vasopressin release than the same number of stimuli delivered at a constant frequency of 13 Hz.3. The amount of vasopressin release per pulse was much higher at the beginning than at the end of the burst.4. Series of bursts given with interburst silent periods released more hormone than bursts delivered without silent periods.5. The amount of hormone released by four 'vasopressin' bursts was significantly larger with silent periods of 21 s than with shorter intervals.6. Four pulses were much more effective in promoting hormone release when given with 60 ms interspike intervals at the beginning of each second than when delivered at a constant frequency of 4 Hz.7. Prolonged stimulation with 'vasopressin' bursts had a greater effect in inducing hormone release than the same number of pulses given in bursts delivered at a constant frequency of 13 Hz. After an initial increase the rate of vasopressin release declined rapidly whereas oxytocin release remained elevated for the first 20 min and only then decreased. The release of both vasopressin and oxytocin remained, however, above the release from unstimulated neurohypophyses.8. 45Ca uptake in the neural lobe was larger when the neurohypophyses were stimulated with vasopressin or oxytocin bursts delivered with silent intervals than when the silent periods were omitted, or when the tissue was stimulated with bursts with the same number of pulses but given at a constant frequency of 13 Hz.9. In conclusion, it is suggested that the interspike intervals in a burst and the silent intervals between bursts are two important determinants of the effectiveness of the burst pattern in promoting neuropeptide release.

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Method for quantitating the molecular content of a subcellular organelle: hormone and neurophysin content of newly formed and aged neurosecretory granules.

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Widespread release of peptides in the central nervous system: Quantitation of tannic acid‐captured exocytoses

Widespread release of peptides in the central nervous system: Quantitation of tannic acid‐captured exocytoses

Neuropeptide Transmission in Brain Circuits

The role of patterned burst and interburst interval on the excitation‐coupling mechanism in the isolated rat neural lobe.

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