Method for Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Atmospheric Aerosols Using Ion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Brent, L. C.; Reiner, Jessica L.; Dickerson, Russell R.; Sander, Lane C.

doi:10.1021/ac403937e

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Organic acids were sensitive to (−)ESIMS. Most of these could easily lose neutral fragments such as 44 (CO 2 ), 28 (CO) and 18 (H 2 O) in MS 2 (Brent, Reiner, Dickerson, & Sander, ). In the positive ion mode, peptide signals were typically more abundant, and the fragment ions were more likely to delineate a large portion of the peptide sequence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analysis of raw Pinelliae Rhizoma and its alum‐processed products via UPLC–MS and their cytotoxicity

Sun

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

Biomedical Chromatography

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Alum-processing is a traditional method to attenuate the toxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma (tubers of Pinellia ternate, PT). The present study aimed at investigating the chemical and cytotoxic changes during alum processing. Metabolomic profiles of raw and alum-processed PT were studied based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. More than 80 chemicals in positive MS mode and 40 chemicals in negative MS mode, such as organic acids, amino acids, glucosides and nucleosides, were identified after multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-square discriminant analysis. Almost all of the identified chemical markers were significantly decreased 10-to 100-fold after alum processing. Meanwhile, the correlations between the chemical markers were assimilated to a positive coefficient from disorderly distribution during the processing. Raw PT extracts could inhibit the proliferation of human carcinoma cells (HCT-116, HepG2, and A549) at the rate of 40.5, 24.8 and 31.6% more strongly than processed PT. It was concluded that the alum processing of PT could decrease the number of actively water-soluble principles at the same time as decreasing toxicity. Given the water-insoluble property of toxic calcium oxalate raphides in PT, we suggest that a more scientific processing method should be sought.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analysis of raw Pinelliae Rhizoma and its alum‐processed products via UPLC–MS and their cytotoxicity

Sun

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…The certificate of analysis for SRM1649b used in this study has been reported previously. The water-soluble contents are primarily composed of low-molecular-weight ions (Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, V, Fe, Al, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Pb, Cl − , F − , SO 4 2− , and NO3 − ) [ 43 ]. The organic extractable fraction contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, steranes, and hopanes [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5-induced oxidative stress increases intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in lung epithelial cells through the IL-6/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB-dependent pathway

et al. 2018

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BackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown that ambient air pollution is closely associated with increased respiratory inflammation and decreased lung function. Particulate matters (PMs) are major components of air pollution that damages lung cells. However, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study examines the effects of PMs on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and the related mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.ResultThe cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and monocyte adherence to A549 cells were more severely affected by treatment with O-PMs (organic solvent-extractable fraction of SRM1649b) than with W-PMs (water-soluble fraction of SRM1649b). We observed a significant increase in ICAM-1 expression by O-PMs, but not W-PMs. O-PMs also induced the phosphorylation of AKT, p65, and STAT3. Pretreating A549 cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, attenuated O-PMs-induced ROS generation, the phosphorylation of the mentioned kinases, and the expression of ICAM-1. Furthermore, an AKT inhibitor (LY294002), NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11–7082), and STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic) significantly down-regulated O-PMs-induced ICAM-1 expression as well as the adhesion of U937 cells to epithelial cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was the most significantly changed cytokine in O-PMs-treated A549 cells according to the analysis of the cytokine antibody array. The IL-6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) and small interfering RNA for IL-6 significantly reduced ICAM-1 secretion and expression as well as the reduction of the AKT, p65, and STAT3 phosphorylation in O-PMs-treated A549 cells. In addition, the intratracheal instillation of PMs significantly increased the levels of the ICAM-1 and IL-6 in lung tissues and plasma in WT mice, but not in IL-6 knockout mice. Pre-administration of NAC attenuated those PMs-induced adverse effects in WT mice. Furthermore, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had higher plasma levels of ICAM-1 and IL-6 compared to healthy subjects.ConclusionThese results suggest that PMs increase ICAM-1 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo through the IL-6/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-018-0240-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The non-nitrogenous low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are widely distributed in the natural environment, including water [22], soil [23] and atmosphere [24], and are also the end products of oxidation of many organic pollutants in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) [25,26]. Also, many non-nitrogenous LMWOAs, containing one or more carboxyl groups, are characterized by low molecular weight and hydrophilic behavior, and therefore likely to be poorly removed by conventional DWTPs using coagulation-sedimentation-filtration [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of haloacetamides and other disinfection by-products from non-nitrogenous low-molecular weight organic acids during chloramination

Chu

Bond

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Low-molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are widespread in nature, and many are recalcitrant during conventional drinking water treatment, due to their LMW and hydrophilic character. This study assessed the formation of a range of disinfection by-products (DBPs) from the chloramination of seven non-nitrogenous LMWOA precursors, with an emphasis on the contribution of N-chloramine incorporation to haloacetamide (HAcAm) formation. The other DBPs comprised chlorinated halomethanes, haloacetonitriles and haloacetic acids. Citric acid generated higher yields of trichloromethane and two chloroacetic acids than the other LMWOAs. Further, the unsaturated acids (fumaric acid and itaconic acid) formed more chloroacetic acids than saturated acids (oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid). Importantly, non-nitrogenous LMWOAs formed three nitrogenous DBPs (dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, and small amounts of dichloroacetonitrile) during chloramination, firstly indicating the monochloramine can supply the nitrogen in nitrogenous DBPs, and the formation of haloacetamides at least in part is independent of the hydrolysis of haloacetonitriles. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time formation of halogenated nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) has been reported from chloramination of non-nitrogenous LMWOA precursors. This indicates that concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen compounds in drinking water are not a reliable surrogate for formation of N-DBPs during chloramination. Bromine incorporation factor increased with increasing bromide during chloramination of citric acid, and bromine was easier to incorporate into di-HAcAms than mono-and tri-HAcAms during chloramination.

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Method for Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Atmospheric Aerosols Using Ion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Metabolomic analysis of raw Pinelliae Rhizoma and its alum‐processed products via UPLC–MS and their cytotoxicity

Metabolomic analysis of raw Pinelliae Rhizoma and its alum‐processed products via UPLC–MS and their cytotoxicity

PM2.5-induced oxidative stress increases intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in lung epithelial cells through the IL-6/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB-dependent pathway

The formation of haloacetamides and other disinfection by-products from non-nitrogenous low-molecular weight organic acids during chloramination

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