Methanolic Extraction of Free Ferulic Acid From Oil Palm

Han, Ng Mei

doi:10.21894/jopr.2020.0097

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The yield of ferulic acid extracted from EFB fiber using fresh DES was 1367.7 ± 5.0 mg/g. Ng [7] reported a yield of 0.252-0.497 mg/g ferulic acid when EFB fiber was extracted by way of methanolysis while Ng and Nu'man [28] were able to extract 0.2-2.0 mg/g ferulic acid from the same source through alkaline hydrolysis. The amount of ferulic acid extracted using DES in this study was much higher compared to other techniques.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, ferulic acid has been associated with potential benefits for skin health, cardiovascular health, and even neuroprotective effects in certain studies. The presence of ferulic acid in different components of the oil palm, such as the mesocarp (fruits), frond, mesocarp fiber, as well as empty fruit bunches (EFBs) has been reported in the past [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods for the extraction of ferulic acid from palm components have been well documented in the most commonly employed methods including alcoholysis, alkaline hydrolysis, and more recently, extraction by deep eutectic solvent (DES) [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of deep eutectic solvent in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Ng,

Nu'man,

Hasliyanti

2024

J of Separation Science

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The study explored ferulic acid extraction from palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber using deep eutectic solvent (DES) of chlorine chloride—acetic acid as the extraction medium and the way to recover and recycle the DES thereafter. Antisolvent was added to selectively precipitate the ferulic acid, which was recovered by filtration thereafter. Recycling the DES without further purification led to increased ferulic acid yield with each subsequent extraction, likely due to retained ferulic acid. The retained ferulic acid and other impurities could be removed by precipitation brought upon by the addition of a second antisolvent. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that there was no excess ferulic acid in the recycled DES‐treated with two types of antisolvents (ethanol and water). The yield of ferulic acid increased from 0.1367–0.1856 g/g when treated with only one antisolvent to 0.1368–0.2897 g/g with two antisolvent treatments. Oil droplets were also observed in the DES upon the addition of antisolvent 2, with recovered oil ranging from 0.6% to 3%. The study emphasized the significance of using DES as an extraction medium for ferulic acid from oil palm EFB fiber and the method to recycle the DES for subsequent processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of deep eutectic solvent in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Ng,

Nu'man,

Hasliyanti

2024

J of Separation Science

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“…Ferulic acid, a flavonoid polyphenolic compound found in several parts of the oil palm, could be one of the non-oil components affected by the sterilisation process of the palm fruits (Mohd Aanifah, 2014;Neo et al, 2010;Ng, 2020;Ng and Nu'man, 2021;2022a). Ferulic acid is a valuable component in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries due to its anti-microbial, antioxidative properties and could act against inflammation (Mancuso, 2007;Neo et al, 2008Neo et al, , 2010Ou and Kwok, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferulic acid is a valuable component in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries due to its anti-microbial, antioxidative properties and could act against inflammation (Mancuso, 2007;Neo et al, 2008Neo et al, , 2010Ou and Kwok, 2004). Efforts have been made in the past to extract the ferulic acid from various parts of the oil palm including, fruitlets, fronds, empty fruit bunches and palm pressed mesocarp fibre by way of solvent extractions such as alkaline hydrolysis and methanolysis (Ng, 2020;Ng and Nu'man, 2022b;Stavova et al, 2017;Sun et al, 2001;Tang et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consolidation of Deep Eutectic Solvents With Microwave for the Extraction of Ferulic Acid From the Fruitlets of Oil Palm

Han¹

2023

JOPR

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This article reports the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm fruitlets by using deep eutectic solvent (DES) with microwave assistance. The difference in the amount of ferulic acid extracted from unsterilised and sterilised oil palm fruitlets using DES with microwave assistance was not significant, signifying that sterilisation during palm oil milling did not have much effect on the content of ferulic acid in the palm fruitlets. Acetic acid (AA) is a better hydrogen bond donor than citric acid in choline chloride (ChCl) DES whereby higher amount of ferulic acid could be extracted from oil palm fruitlets when ChCl-AA was used as the extraction medium (ca. 40.3 mg/g versus ca. 34.4 mg/g). The optimum conditions for the extraction of ferulic acid from palm fruitlets were by using ChCl with AA containing 30 wt.% water, heated with microwave at 60 o C for 6 min. Ferulic acid extracted from unsterilised oil palm fruitlets exhibited higher radical scavenging activity (92%-95%) than sterilised fruitlets extract (88%-92%), indicating that although the sterilisation process did not significantly affect the content of ferulic acid in the oil palm fruitlets, the bioactivity of the ferulic acid was slightly affected.

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Methanolic Extraction of Free Ferulic Acid From Oil Palm

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Recycling of deep eutectic solvent in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Recycling of deep eutectic solvent in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch

Consolidation of Deep Eutectic Solvents With Microwave for the Extraction of Ferulic Acid From the Fruitlets of Oil Palm

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