Metformin and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Tseng, Chin-Hsiao

doi:10.2337/dc17-2551

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Likewise, the control of diabetes by the usage of glucophage can also lead to lower risk of developing H. pylori infection (Tseng, ). Treatment of H. pylori might be affected by the imbalance in glucose levels (Nam et al, ).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseases (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the manifestation of old age‐related diseases

Zendehdel

Roham

2020

Molec Gen & Gen Med

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. AbstractHelicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent infection worldwide. It affects individuals of different age groups. Elderly people tend to resist eradication treatment and worsening of infection can lead to several gastric and non-gastric pathologies.Aging-associated cellular and molecular alteration can increase the risk of other pathologies such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, respiratory and renal dysfunction, and cancer in geriatric patients, more than other age groups.This review article highlights some of the most common old age diseases and the role of H. pylori infection as a risk factor to worsen the conditions, presented by the molecular evidences of these associations. These studies can help clinicians to understand the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and identify high-risk patients, aiding clearer diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Cardiovascular Diseases (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the manifestation of old age‐related diseases

Zendehdel

Roham

2020

Molec Gen & Gen Med

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“…Metformin, now a first‐line oral antidiabetic drug recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, exerts an insulin sensitizing effect and may have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐ageing, anticancer, and even antimicrobial effects . It is interesting that the early Finnish study showed a paradox of a positive association with obesity and a negative association with diabetes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin reduces risk of varicose veins in patients with type 2 diabetes

Tseng

2019

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Aim: This population-based retrospective cohort study compared the incidence of varicose veins in an unmatched cohort and a cohort of 1:1 propensity score (PS)matched pairs of ever and never users of metformin in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes during 1999 to 2005 were enrolled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance and followed until December 31, 2011. Analyses were conducted in an unmatched cohort of 123 710 ever users and 15 095 never users and in 15 088 PS-matched pairs of ever users and never users.Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox proportional hazards model incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using the PS. Results: New-onset varicose veins were diagnosed in 126 never users and 633 ever users in the unmatched cohort and in 126 never users and 80 ever users in the matched cohort. The respective incidences were 191.36 and 110.04 per 100 000 person-years in the unmatched cohort and 191.41 and 115.81 per 100 000 person-years in the matched cohort. The hazard ratio for ever versus never users in the unmatched cohort was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.69) and was 0.60 (0.45-0.80) for the matched cohort. In the unmatched cohort, the hazard ratios for the first, second, and third tertiles of cumulative duration were 1.03 (0.83-1.28), 0.55 (0.44-0.69), and 0.29 (0.23-0.37), respectively. The respective hazard ratios in the matched cohort were 0.97 (0.65-1.43), 0.79 (0.55-1.15), and 0.24 (0.13-0.42). Conclusion: Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of varicose veins in patients with type 2 diabetes. KEYWORDS diabetes mellitus, metformin, Taiwan, varicose veins 1 | INTRODUCTION Varicose veins often start from the lower extremities and are always diagnosed by physicians at a stage with clinical manifestations of oedema, engorging and tortuous veins, or venous ulceration. It affects more women than men in most populations. 1 An early survey in Fin-land showed that the prevalence rates of physician-diagnosed varicose veins were 25% in women and 7% in men. 2 However, reported prevalence rates varied remarkably in different studies, from less than 1% to 73% in women and 2% to 56% in men. 1 The Finnish study identified risk factors such as age, body height, body mass index, standing at work, high socio-economic status, and the numbers of births (in women). 2 Interestingly, diabetes was negatively associated with varicose veins in this early study. 2 The positive association between varicose veins and obesity has been confirmed in a recent study, 3 but the negative association with diabetes has not gained much attention and has been rarely investigated in other epidemiological studies.Because obesity and diabetes are both characterized by increased

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“…Copper complexation may also contribute to the antihyperglycaemic action of metformin [19,20]. Metformin exerted effects not only on the gut microbiome but also against Legionella pneumophila [21] and H. pylori [22][23][24] and several other bacterialand viral species [25] in vitro, in vivo and in the clinical setting. Proposed mechanisms of antibacterial action encompass those effects attributed to antihyperglycaemic effects of metformin, inhibition of electron transport, and also AMPK independent effects such as immunomodulation, or production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species thus enhancing bactericidal activities of macrophages [25,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Are antibacterial effects of non-antibiotic drugs random or purposeful because of a common evolutionary origin of bacterial and mammalian targets?

Dalhoff

2020

Infection

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Purpose Advances in structural biology, genetics, bioinformatics, etc. resulted in the availability of an enormous pool of information enabling the analysis of the ancestry of pro- and eukaryotic genes and proteins. Methods This review summarizes findings of structural and/or functional homologies of pro- and eukaryotic enzymes catalysing analogous biological reactions because of their highly conserved active centres so that non-antibiotics interacted with bacterial targets. Results Protease inhibitors such as staurosporine or camostat inhibited bacterial serine/threonine or serine/tyrosine protein kinases, serine/threonine phosphatases, and serine/threonine kinases, to which penicillin-binding-proteins are linked, so that these drugs synergized with β-lactams, reverted aminoglycoside-resistance and attenuated bacterial virulence. Calcium antagonists such as nitrendipine or verapamil blocked not only prokaryotic ion channels but interacted with negatively charged bacterial cell membranes thus disrupting membrane energetics and inducing membrane stress response resulting in inhibition of P-glycoprotein such as bacterial pumps thus improving anti-mycobacterial activities of rifampicin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, bedaquilin and imipenem-activity against Acinetobacter spp. Ciclosporine and tacrolimus attenuated bacterial virulence. ACE-inhibitors like captopril interacted with metallo-β-lactamases thus reverting carbapenem-resistance; prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases were inhibited as well resulting in growth impairment. In general, non-antibiotics exerted weak antibacterial activities on their own but synergized with antibiotics, and/or reverted resistance and/or attenuated virulence. Conclusions Data summarized in this review support the theory that prokaryotic proteins represent targets for non-antibiotics because of a common evolutionary origin of bacterial- and mammalian targets resulting in highly conserved active centres of both, pro- and eukaryotic proteins with which the non-antibiotics interact and exert antibacterial actions.

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Metformin and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the manifestation of old age‐related diseases

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the manifestation of old age‐related diseases

Metformin reduces risk of varicose veins in patients with type 2 diabetes

Are antibacterial effects of non-antibiotic drugs random or purposeful because of a common evolutionary origin of bacterial and mammalian targets?

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