Metastatic Cutaneous Carcinoid

Reingold, Irving M.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1960.01580060127020

Cited by 32 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…300 The pathogenesis of the severe pain encountered in these often tiny metastatic deposits remains uncertain because neural involvement is not a consistent finding. [302][303][304] Pellagra is also a common cutaneous manifestation of carcinoid syndrome, but it is not specifically related to the presence of skin spread disease. [302][303][304] Pellagra is also a common cutaneous manifestation of carcinoid syndrome, but it is not specifically related to the presence of skin spread disease.…”

Section: Cutaneous Metastases From Carcinoid Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Metastases From Internal Malignancies

Alcaraz

Cerroni

Rütten

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

218

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Skin metastases occur in 0.6%-10.4% of all patients with cancer and represent 2% of all skin tumors. Skin metastases from visceral malignancies are important for dermatologists and dermatopathologists because of their variable clinical appearance and presentation, frequent delay and failure in their diagnosis, relative proportion of different internal malignancies metastasizing to the skin, and impact on morbidity, prognosis, and treatment. Another factor to take into account is that cutaneous metastasis may be the first sign of clinically silent visceral cancer. The relative frequencies of metastatic skin disease tend to correlate with the frequency of the different types of primary cancer in each sex. Thus, women with skin metastases have the following distribution in decreasing order of frequency of primary malignancies: breast, ovary, oral cavity, lung, and large intestine. In men, the distribution is as follows: lung, large intestine, oral cavity, kidney, breast, esophagus, pancreas, stomach, and liver. A wide morphologic spectrum of clinical appearances has been described in cutaneous metastases. This variable clinical morphology included nodules, papules, plaques, tumors, and ulcers. From a histopathologic point of view, there are 4 main morphologic patterns of cutaneous metastases involving the dermis, namely, nodular, infiltrative, diffuse, and intravascular. Generally, cutaneous metastases herald a poor prognosis. The average survival time of patients with skin metastases is a few months. In this article, we review the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies, classify the most common cutaneous metastases, and identify studies that may assist in diagnosing the origin of a cutaneous metastasis.

show abstract

Section: Cutaneous Metastases From Carcinoid Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Metastases From Internal Malignancies

Alcaraz

Cerroni

Rütten

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

218

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The skin is an unusual site for carcinoid metastasis 5–8. In fact, to our knowledge the patient reported herein is the first reported case of a clear cell variant of carcinoid metastatic to the skin 9, 10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Molecular identification of metastatic cancer to the skin using laser capture microdissection

Milchgrub¹,

Wistuba²,

Kim³

et al. 2000

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND In the current study the authors report a 57‐year‐old woman with a scalp tumor and cervical lymphadenopathy who had a previously resected duodenal carcinoid. Histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of the duodenal carcinoid differed from those of the scalp and cervical lymph node tumors, prompting the use of molecular methodologies to make the diagnosis. METHODS Paraffin embedded tissues from the duodenal carcinoid, scalp, and lymph node tumors were dissected using microscopic visualization and laser capture microdissection. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to evaluate loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite alterations using primers flanking 22 polymorphic microsatellite markers from 9 chromosomal regions, including genes associated with MEN‐1 (11q), CDKN2 (9p), p53 (17p), and bronchial carcinoid (3p). Microdissected lymphocytes from the three tissues were used as source of constitutional DNA (controls). RESULTS Fourteen of the 22 markers were informative (heterozygous in control lymphocytes). A marker on 3p12 showed loss of the same parental allele in the three tumors. A different marker on 3p14.2 showed an identical shifted band in the three tumors indicative of a common microsatellite alteration. CONCLUSIONS The shared molecular abnormalities among the three tumors indicated a common clonal origin, leading to a diagnosis of primary duodenal carcinoid with clear cell metastases to the scalp and cervical lymph nodes. These findings led to radiation therapy and immunotherapy rather than chemotherapy. This case illustrates the novel application of laser capture microdissection combined with PCR‐based analyses of genomic markers for the identification of the origin of metastatic disease. Cancer 2000;88:749–54. © 2000 American Cancer Society.

show abstract

“…The location was most frequently on the cephalic segment (typically on the scalp) and/or trunk. We call attention to two distinct cases: (1) painful spots referred by the patient without visible or palpable cutaneous lesions; (2) single hardened lesion on the eyelid, simulating the primary cutaneous lesion [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%