Metastatic Choroidal Melanoma to the Contralateral Orbit 40 Years After Enucleation

Very late orbital recurrence of choroidal melanoma four decades post enucleation

“…12 Metastasis dramatically reduces life expectancy, but fortunately they were diagnosed only in the two patients who suffered from orbital recurrence after more than 40 years. 20,21 Our case, despite the similar gap, is the only one with no metastasis detected. Orbital recurrence could be the only manifestation of reactivation of the disease.…”

“…As shown in Table 1, only two cases, 20,21 in literature, showed a gap ⩾40 years between enucleation and orbital recurrence: both patients reported liver metastasis. A very aggressive course is reported by Coupland et al 20 : the patient, who previously underwent enucleation for CMM, was diagnosed 40 years later with melanoma in the contralateral orbit. During diagnostic work-up, liver and lung metastasis were evidenced, followed, after 6 months, by the onset of an another melanoma in the anophthalmic orbit.…”

“…Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients with systemic disease 10 : the physio-pathological mechanisms of this condition are far from being understood but may be related to the concept of local dormancy.…”

“…25 Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients…”

Very late orbital recurrence of choroidal melanoma four decades post enucleation

“…12 Metastasis dramatically reduces life expectancy, but fortunately they were diagnosed only in the two patients who suffered from orbital recurrence after more than 40 years. 20,21 Our case, despite the similar gap, is the only one with no metastasis detected. Orbital recurrence could be the only manifestation of reactivation of the disease.…”

“…As shown in Table 1, only two cases, 20,21 in literature, showed a gap ⩾40 years between enucleation and orbital recurrence: both patients reported liver metastasis. A very aggressive course is reported by Coupland et al 20 : the patient, who previously underwent enucleation for CMM, was diagnosed 40 years later with melanoma in the contralateral orbit. During diagnostic work-up, liver and lung metastasis were evidenced, followed, after 6 months, by the onset of an another melanoma in the anophthalmic orbit.…”

“…Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients with systemic disease 10 : the physio-pathological mechanisms of this condition are far from being understood but may be related to the concept of local dormancy.…”

“…25 Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients…”

Case report: Immunotherapy inducing unexpected overall survival in choroidal melanoma: about a case

“…It can be deduced that there is metastatic dissemination at a subclinical stage and that metastases can appear although the CM has been effectively treated. Rare cases of late metastases have been reported in the literature, sometimes up to 40 years after the discovery of the primary tumor (18,19). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this supposed sleepiness of cancer cells: limitation of the growth of metastases by the absence of angiogenic activity and possible role of immune phenomena (20,21).…”

Very late orbital recurrence of choroidal melanoma four decades post enucleation

“…12 Metastasis dramatically reduces life expectancy, but fortunately they were diagnosed only in the two patients who suffered from orbital recurrence after more than 40 years. 20,21 Our case, despite the similar gap, is the only one with no metastasis detected. Orbital recurrence could be the only manifestation of reactivation of the disease.…”

“…As shown in Table 1, only two cases, 20,21 in literature, showed a gap ⩾40 years between enucleation and orbital recurrence: both patients reported liver metastasis. A very aggressive course is reported by Coupland et al 20 : the patient, who previously underwent enucleation for CMM, was diagnosed 40 years later with melanoma in the contralateral orbit. During diagnostic work-up, liver and lung metastasis were evidenced, followed, after 6 months, by the onset of an another melanoma in the anophthalmic orbit.…”

“…Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients with systemic disease 10 : the physio-pathological mechanisms of this condition are far from being understood but may be related to the concept of local dormancy.…”

“…25 Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients…”

Case report: Immunotherapy inducing unexpected overall survival in choroidal melanoma: about a case

“…It can be deduced that there is metastatic dissemination at a subclinical stage and that metastases can appear although the CM has been effectively treated. Rare cases of late metastases have been reported in the literature, sometimes up to 40 years after the discovery of the primary tumor (18,19). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this supposed sleepiness of cancer cells: limitation of the growth of metastases by the absence of angiogenic activity and possible role of immune phenomena (20,21).…”

Very late orbital recurrence of choroidal melanoma four decades post enucleation

“…12 Metastasis dramatically reduces life expectancy, but fortunately they were diagnosed only in the two patients who suffered from orbital recurrence after more than 40 years. 20,21 Our case, despite the similar gap, is the only one with no metastasis detected. Orbital recurrence could be the only manifestation of reactivation of the disease.…”

“…As shown in Table 1, only two cases, 20,21 in literature, showed a gap ⩾40 years between enucleation and orbital recurrence: both patients reported liver metastasis. A very aggressive course is reported by Coupland et al 20 : the patient, who previously underwent enucleation for CMM, was diagnosed 40 years later with melanoma in the contralateral orbit. During diagnostic work-up, liver and lung metastasis were evidenced, followed, after 6 months, by the onset of an another melanoma in the anophthalmic orbit.…”

“…Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients with systemic disease 10 : the physio-pathological mechanisms of this condition are far from being understood but may be related to the concept of local dormancy.…”

“…25 Finally, although even more rare than systemic ones, orbital metastases may occur, too, as reported by few authors. 10,20 Metastases usually affect contralateral eye and periocular structures and almost always occur in patients…”

Case report: Immunotherapy inducing unexpected overall survival in choroidal melanoma: about a case

“…It can be deduced that there is metastatic dissemination at a subclinical stage and that metastases can appear although the CM has been effectively treated. Rare cases of late metastases have been reported in the literature, sometimes up to 40 years after the discovery of the primary tumor (18,19). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this supposed sleepiness of cancer cells: limitation of the growth of metastases by the absence of angiogenic activity and possible role of immune phenomena (20,21).…”