Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements, but they are regarded as
significant environmental pollutants due to high density and high toxicity
even at low concentrations. The aim of this paper is evaluation of the
pollution level of heavy metals in the river and riverbank sediments as well
as the estimation of their origin and spatial differences along the course
of the Vrbas River through Banja Luka. The concentrations of metals have
been assessed using the Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission
spectrometry and Advanced mercury analyzer for mercury determination.
Anthropogenic impact on heavy metal concentration in sediments was estimated
by calculating pollution indices: Geoaccumulation index (Igeo),
Contamination factor (Cf), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Potential
Ecological Risk Index (Er). Obtained results indicate that there is no
statistically significant spatial difference in metal concentration,
indicating that heavy metals in sediments have a constant source. The
anthropogenic impact expressed by values of pollution indices showed that
sites are generally uncontaminated by Co, Cr, and V and moderately
contaminated by Zn, Cu, and Ni. On the contrary, lead, mercury and cadmium
pose the highest ecological risk. The anthropogenic source of Pb, Hg and Cd
is industry, municipal waste and the combustion of fossil fuels. Obtained
results demonstrate the high ecological risk and need for environmental
monitoring, supporting an efficient strategy to reduce local pollution and
contamination of the investigated system.