“…A report [55,56,57] indicated that a reaction time of at least 30 min would be required to achieve 90% BT and DBT conversion. In the present study, the reaction time required was only 20 min, allowing for the reduction of BT and DBT content in the model oil to 140 and 47 ppmw, with sulfur removal efficiencies of 86% and 95%, respectively.…”
A core-shell Cu-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC)@TiO2 was successfully synthesized for photocatalysis-assisted adsorptive desulfurization to improve adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) performance. Under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, the TiO2 shell on the surface of Cu-BTC achieved photocatalytic oxidation of thiophenic S-compounds, and the Cu-BTC core adsorbed the oxidation products (sulfoxides and sulfones). The photocatalyst and adsorbent were combined using a distinct core-shell structure. The morphology and structure of the fabricated Cu-BTC@TiO2 microspheres were verified by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. A potential formation mechanism of Cu-BTC@TiO2 is proposed based on complementary experiments. The sulfur removal efficiency of the microspheres was evaluated by selective adsorption of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) from a model fuel with a sulfur concentration of 1000 ppmw. Within a reaction time of 20 min, the BT and DBT conversion reached 86% and 95%, respectively, and achieved ADS capacities of 63.76 and 59.39 mg/g, respectively. The BT conversion and DBT conversion obtained using Cu-BTC@TiO2 was 6.5 and 4.6 times higher, respectively, than that obtained using Cu-BTC. A desulfurization mechanism was proposed, the interaction between thiophenic sulfur compounds and Cu-BTC@TiO2 microspheres was discussed, and the kinetic behavior was analyzed.
“…A report [55,56,57] indicated that a reaction time of at least 30 min would be required to achieve 90% BT and DBT conversion. In the present study, the reaction time required was only 20 min, allowing for the reduction of BT and DBT content in the model oil to 140 and 47 ppmw, with sulfur removal efficiencies of 86% and 95%, respectively.…”
A core-shell Cu-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (Cu-BTC)@TiO2 was successfully synthesized for photocatalysis-assisted adsorptive desulfurization to improve adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) performance. Under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, the TiO2 shell on the surface of Cu-BTC achieved photocatalytic oxidation of thiophenic S-compounds, and the Cu-BTC core adsorbed the oxidation products (sulfoxides and sulfones). The photocatalyst and adsorbent were combined using a distinct core-shell structure. The morphology and structure of the fabricated Cu-BTC@TiO2 microspheres were verified by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. A potential formation mechanism of Cu-BTC@TiO2 is proposed based on complementary experiments. The sulfur removal efficiency of the microspheres was evaluated by selective adsorption of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) from a model fuel with a sulfur concentration of 1000 ppmw. Within a reaction time of 20 min, the BT and DBT conversion reached 86% and 95%, respectively, and achieved ADS capacities of 63.76 and 59.39 mg/g, respectively. The BT conversion and DBT conversion obtained using Cu-BTC@TiO2 was 6.5 and 4.6 times higher, respectively, than that obtained using Cu-BTC. A desulfurization mechanism was proposed, the interaction between thiophenic sulfur compounds and Cu-BTC@TiO2 microspheres was discussed, and the kinetic behavior was analyzed.
“…The surface morphology of the nanoparticles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The accelerating voltage was 10 kV and the observation time was as short as possible 30. The hyaluronic acid conjugation with NH 2 -MSNs was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry 31.…”
Introduction:
The targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs to tumor tissue has been recognized as a promising strategy to increase their therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. Mesoporous silica-coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NH2-MSNs), a kind of nanocarrier, can passively enter tumor tissues to enhance the permeability and retention of drugs. However, NH2-MSNs do not specifically bind to cancer cells. This drawback encouraged us to develop a more efficient nanocarrier for cancer therapy.
Methods:
Herein, we describe the development of an effective nanocarrier based on NH2-MSNs, which were modified with hyaluronic acid on their surface (HA-MSNs) and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). We have successfully fabricated uniform spherical HA-MSNs nanocarriers. The targeting ability of this delivery system was evaluated through specific uptake by cells and IVIS imaging.
Results:
DOX-HA-MSNs nanocarriers displayed more dramatic cytotoxic activity against 4T1 breast cancer cells compared to GES-1 gastric mucosa cells. In vivo results revealed that once DOX-HA-MSNs nanocarriers are exposed to an external magnetic field, they could be rapidly attracted to the magnet and effectively cross the cytoplasmic membrane via CD44 receptor-mediated transcytosis. This allows them to access the cancer cell cytoplasm and release DOX based on changes in the physiological environment. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the HA-MSNs nanocarriers provided better therapeutic efficacy.
Conclusion:
The HA-MSNs nanocarriers represent an effective new paradigm to treat cancers due to active targeting to the tumor cells. Moreover, the specific uptake by the tumor effectively protects normal tissues to reduce off-target side effects. The reported findings support further investigation of HA-MSNs for cancer therapy.
“…Wang et al fulfilled two separate studies [118] , [119] concerning sonocatalytic ODS (followed by extraction with methanol) of benzothiophene in the presence of H 2 O 2 at 60 °C using core–shell nanosphere modified with metallophthalocyanine (tetra-substituted carboxyl iron phthalocyanine, FeC 4 Pc) encapsulated into magnetic mesopore silica nanoparticles and silica nanotube catalyst with magnetite nanoparticles-coated interior surface and FeC 4 Pc-modified inner and outer surface. Higher desulfurization of the former (at the same conditions, desulfurization near 94.5%) compared to the latter (76% desulfurization yield at 30 min and molar ratio of H 2 O 2 /S = 15) can be considerably clarified by the fact that the particle size (60 nm) and the average pore size (2.6 nm) of the nanosphere composite catalyst are smaller than the outer diameter of the nanotube catalyst (200 nm), hence providing larger surface area for adsorption, though the catalyst loading is not specified in the latter.…”
Section: Types Of Catalysts In Uaodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 4 DPEs in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts (where 1–3, 4, 5–7, 8, 9, [10,14], 11, 12, 13, [15,19], 16, 17, 18, 20, 21 and 22 represent the references [98] , [133] , [134] , [84] , [151] , [145] , [97] , [119] , [118] , [126] , [124] , [123] , [150] , [65] , [78] , [121] , respectively). *49, 43.50 and 35.50 are DPE values calculated for DBT, 4,6-DMDBT and BT, respectively, pertaining to reference [98] .…”
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