Metal Phosphide:A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural to 2‐Methylfuran

Abstract

A series of metal phosphides were prepared by temperature programmed reduction and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), 31 P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P MAS NMR), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD) and pyridine infrared spectroscopy (Py-IR), their catalytic performance were investigated in the hydrodeoxygenation of furfural to form 2methylfuran. The effects of metal phosphide and the initial P/Ni molar ratios on the hydrodeoxygenation of furfural were studied, and the reaction conditions were optimized. Furfural was thoroughly converted when the reaction was carried out under 240 8C and 2.0 MPa for 4 h over MoP or Ni 2 P, and the selectivity of 2-methylfuran was achieved 83.1% when the Ni 2 P_0.5 was employed as a catalyst. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the Ni 2 P_0.5 catalyst could be used for six times with slightly decrease in catalytic performance.

Ethane dehydrogenation performance and high temperature stability of silica supported cobalt phosphide nanoparticles

“…11,12 Previous reports of pyridine IR experiments with metal phosphides suggest that the features associated with Brønsted acidity are often very small or non-existent. 11,12,17,57 These results, showing little to no Brønsted acidity, are consistent with the high selectivity (≥88%) observed with the CoP-E/SBA-15 material because Brønsted acid sites would likely lead to lower olefin selectivity. 1,58 The acidity was further analysed using NH 3 TPD.…”

Kinetic Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Hydro‐Catalytic Upgrading of Anisole as a Model Compound of Bio‐Oils Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin over Co/γ‐Al2O3

“…Unsaturated oxygenates components in lignin‐derived bio‐oils formed in pyrolysis process cause several undesirable properties including non‐volatility, high viscosity, corrosiveness, poor heating value, immiscibility with fossil fuels, thermal instability, and tendency to be polymerized during storage and transportation. Therefore, chemical modification and refining is required to make them favourable as a fuel . The mentioned drawbacks motivate interest in bio‐oils upgrading techniques including physical methods and a catalytic process to form compounds compatible with hydrocarbons.…”

Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural to 2-Methylfuran over Silica-Supported MoP Catalysts under Mild Conditions

“…The concentration of 2-MF increased monotonically with the increase of space–time. Ether as an intermediate can form 2-MF through hydrogenolysis . The relative content of ether first increased and then decreased but remained at a low level due to the lack of Brønsted acid sites.…”

“… − The hydrogenation of FAL proceeds mainly in two parallel pathways: (1) hydrogenation of the aldehyde group to form FOL (path 1) and (2) hydrogenation of the furan ring to form tetrhydrofurfural (THFAL) (path 2). 2-MF is produced only via path 1, followed by the cleavage of the C–O bond by hydrogenolysis. , As a consequence, both hydrogenation site and hydrogenolysis site are required in the catalysis . In addition, it is desirable to enhance path 1 and/or suppress path 2 in order to convert FAL to the desired intermediate FOL.…”

“…12,13 As a consequence, both hydrogenation site and hydrogenolysis site are required in the catalysis. 14 In addition, it is desirable to enhance path 1 and/or suppress path 2 in order to convert FAL to the desired intermediate FOL. Lewis acid sites are able to promote hydrogenolysis, whereas Brønsted acid sites catalyze some undesired reactions like etherification in alcohols.…”