Metal Ion Release and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Orthodontic Miniscrews

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the metal ion release and cytotoxicity of MU orthodontic miniscrews as well as two other brands of orthodontic miniscrews over time. Twenty-four orthodontic miniscrews were tested, divided into three groups of eight. Each sample extraction was performed following the ISO 10993-12:2012 method. Solutions were collected after 1, 7, and 30 days (T1, T2, and T3). The supernatants extracted from these three groups were added and exposed to mouse L929 fibroblastic cell line using an MTT cytotoxicity test. They were also tested for ion release by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Element analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the surfaces of the miniscrews. The quantification of three elements, namely, titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), and vanadium (V) were assessed. The results indicated that there were no statistical differences between the self-made orthodontic miniscrews and those from two commercial groups (p<0.05). Throughout the testing period, the quantity of ions increased from T1 to T3. After 24 h, vanadium was the first to appear on the surface in small quantities in other two commercial groups. The self-made orthodontic miniscrews exhibited no toxic effects on living cells.

Cytotoxic effects of titanium alloy orthodontic mini-screw implants: Clinical prospective study

“…The increase in dental plaque and calculus accumulation could have various drawbacks as the increased acidity of saliva, abnormal inflammatory response, and /or biocorrosion and failure of MSIs. [5][6][7] These results were in agreement with previous studies that reported significantly increased accumulation of dental plaque, increased incidence of white spot lesion and caries occurrence during the first six months of fixed orthodontic appliance insertion. 26,27 The Comet assay was a widely used biomonitoring tool for DNA damage and the buccal cell model constitutes an attractive and potentially useful tool for investigating in vivo effects on DNA damage of dietary agents, lifestyle choices, chemical agents and xenobiotics in general.…”

“…[2][3][4] Into the oral envelope, various factors as saliva, oral fluids, the enzymatic behavior, microbial activity, pH fluctuation, and temperature fluctuation interact together, creating an ideal condition for aqueous corrosion of implanted metals and alloys giving rise to potential metal ion release. [5][6][7] The released metal ions (titanium, aluminum, and vanadium) could induce localized inflammation, clinical failure of the MSIs, cutaneous allergic reactions, hypersensitivity, cytotoxicity, carcinogenesis, and possible genotoxicity. [8][9][10][11] The clinical studies 7,12 evaluating the cytotoxic effects of metal ions released from orthodontic miniscrew implants in body fluids were limited.…”

“…Various in vitro studies was conducted to evaluate metal ions released from MSIs and its cytotoxic effects on cell culture. 5,6,[8][9][10][11] However, material biocompatibility tested by in vitro methods were lacking the simulation of the oral cavity with its multifactorial environment. So, the current study was conducted to investigate clinically the biological effects of commercial orthodontic mini-screw implants on the oral investing tissue.…”

Recent Biomaterial Developments for Bone Tissue Engineering and Potential Clinical Application: Narrative Review of the Literature

“…Samples of the tested material and controls (ISO 10993-12:2012 recommends appropriate positive and negative reference materials) are placed on the solidified agar (note that any absorbent material needs to be pre-soaked with the medium before being placed on the agar) and allowed to diffuse through the monolayer of cells. Cell lysis under and surrounding the specimens, as well as changes in general shape, vacuolization, detachment, and membrane integrity, are observed microscopically after 24-72 hours of incubation [80,86].…”

Structural-Phase Analysis of the Titanium Niobium System Formed by Electro-Explosive Method on the Titanium Implant Surface

“…The study of physical, chemical and morphological properties, structure of implants is one of the priority tasks of condensed matter physics and medical materials science. Metals and alloys currently used for the implant production are titanium, titanium alloys, certain steel grades, cobalt-chromium alloys, etc., which have high strength and anticorrosion properties and do not contain such toxic alloying elements as Al and V [1][2][3][4]. The development of biocompatible low-modulus β-alloys, in particular, Ti-Zr and Ti-Nb systems, has become a new direction in medical materials science.…”