Metal Complex as a Novel Approach to Enhance the Amorphous Phase and Improve the EDLC Performance of Plasticized Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Polymer Electrolyte

Abstract

This work indicates that glycerolized chitosan-NH4F polymer electrolytes incorporated with zinc metal complexes are crucial for EDLC application. The ionic conductivity of the plasticized system was improved drastically from 9.52 × 10−4 S/cm to 1.71 × 10−3 S/cm with the addition of a zinc metal complex. The XRD results demonstrated that the amorphous phase was enhanced for the system containing the zinc metal complex. The transference number of ions (tion) and electrons (te) were measured for two of the highest conducting electrolyte systems. It confirmed that the ions were the dominant charge carriers in both systems as tion values for CSNHG4 and CSNHG5 electrolytes were 0.976 and 0.966, respectively. From the examination of LSV, zinc improved the electrolyte electrochemical stability to 2.25 V. The achieved specific capacitance from the CV plot reveals the role of the metal complex on storage properties. The charge–discharge profile was obtained for the system incorporated with the metal complex. The obtained specific capacitance ranged from 69.7 to 77.6 F/g. The energy and power densities became stable from 7.8 to 8.5 Wh/kg and 1041.7 to 248.2 W/kg, respectively, as the EDLC finalized the cycles.

The Study of Plasticized Amorphous Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA): Chitosan with High Ion Conductivity for Energy Storage Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLC) Device Application

“…This indicates that the charge immigration in the SPE is mainly as a result of ions [ 60 ]. Our previous work for the glycerolized CS: NH 4 F system possesses 0.976 of t ion value, which is in good agreement with the current study [ 38 ].…”

“…Schematically the role of glycerol plasticizer on ion dissociation and increase of amorphous phase is shown in Scheme 1 . Earlier studies observed that upon addition of various plasticizers amorphous humps are enhanced and they attributed to the disruption of hydrogen bonds that built up the crystalline phase through the polymer host [ 29 , 32 , 33 , 38 ]. The ionic conductivity is robustly affected by the nature of crystallinity, and the amorphousness of the materials [ 39 ].…”

The Study of EDLC Device with High Electrochemical Performance Fabricated from Proton Ion Conducting PVA-Based Polymer Composite Electrolytes Plasticized with Glycerol

“…This outcome is identical with the study by Lim et al [ 28 ] on PVA:LiClO 4 :TiO 2 PCE with electrochemical stability window of 2.4 V. They applied the PCE in an EDLC. The electrochemical stability window of the protonic battery is typically around 1 V [ 2 ]. Therefore, the PNCG-4 decomposition voltage reveals its suitability for the use in protonic devices.…”

Drawbacks of Low Lattice Energy Ammonium Salts for Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Preparation: Structural, Morphological and Electrical Characteristics of CS:PEO:NH4BF4-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes

“…The performance of electrochemical and energy devices is significantly impacted by both structural and electrical properties of the used polymer electrolyte [ 45 , 46 ]. Therefore, careful selections of the host polymer with a suitable salt are the key factors in the preparation of the polymer electrolyte for practical applications.…”