Metabolomics profiling in hypertension and blood pressure regulation: a review

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic health condition in which blood pressure is usually elevated beyond normal levels. It can progress with serious complications if left undetected and untreated. Incidence of hypertension is on the increase worldwide with debilitating consequences on the health systems of many countries. It is a multifactorial disorder that requires a multi-pronged approach to address it. One such approach is the use of metabolomics or metabolite profiling to understand its underlying cause and possibly control it. Changes in metabolites profiles have been used to accurately predict so many disease conditions in addition to identifying possible biomarkers and pathways associated in their pathogenicity. This will enable their early detection, diagnosis and treatment as well as likely complications that may arise and also assist in development of biomarkers for clinical uses. The objective of this review therefore is to present some of the current knowledge on the application of metabolomics profiling in hypertension and blood pressure control.

SHR/NCrl rats as a model of ADHD can be discriminated from controls based on their brain, blood, or urine metabolomes

“…This animal model of ADHD is also confounded by the development of hypertension from 10 to 12 weeks of age 24 , and cognitive deficits observed in 11-week-old animals 25 . A recent metabolomic study performed in urine and plasma samples of 40-weeks-old SHR and WKY rats described a significant correlation between urine and blood variations of several metabolites and hypertension 26 (urine levels of dimethylarginine, N2-acetyl-L-ornithine, buthionine sulfoximine, uric acid, L-isoleucine, and creatinine; blood levels of Vitamine E and phospholipids). Although we cannot completely rule out that our metabolic data could be related to the development of hypertension in our experimental conditions, we worked on 8-weeks-old animals, and our peripheral data are not in line with the urinary and plasma biomarkers significantly correlated with hypertension in these studies.…”

Metabolic Profiling and Metabolites Fingerprints in Human Hypertension: Discovery and Potential

“…Additionally, various databases and spectral libraries such as METLIN ( , accessed on 4 October 2021), Human Metabolome Database ( , accessed on 4 October 2021), NIST ( , accessed on 4 October 2021), and KEGG ( , accessed on 4 October 2021) are subsequently used for biomarker identification and pathway analysis [ 1 , 29 ]. The various techniques, methodologies, and instrumentations used in metabolomics have been previously reviewed extensively elsewhere [ 4 , 23 , 29 , 30 ]. An overview of a typical metabolomics workflow from sample preparation to metabolites identification and pathways analysis is shown in Figure 1 .…”

Mucoadhesive Buccal Films: A Novel Approach for the Delivery of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

“…Thus resulting in an increasing amount of angiotensin II which leads to increased systemic vascular resistance by vasoconstriction of arterioles [8]. This may explain the function of angiotensin II receptor inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension [4]. Due to abnormalities in the adrenal cortex, the secretion of aldosterone is increased drastically which leads to excessive reabsorption of salts and water.…”

“…Blood pressure is measured as systolic blood pressure to diastolic blood pressure. The usual blood pressure of normal adults should be 120/80 mm of Hg while the patient suffering from hypertension shows blood pressure more than 140/90 mm of Hg [4]. The drugs used for the treatment of hypertension are termed as antihypertensive drugs [5].…”