“…Added information of the housekeeping gene list with thirteen genes was ranked and provided after standardization ( Fig. 6 ), which supports the related research article [5] for future gene study in mentioned tissue of the beetle. Fig.…”
Section: Data Descriptionsupporting
confidence: 60%
“…Beetle rearing conditions and gut dissections were mentioned in relevant research article [5] . Before analysis, the guts were dissected from beetles of different life stages for further analysis.…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The samples were then centrifuged at 4000 RPM for 3 min and the supernatant was collected in a new vial with 100 µl glass insert. Gut extracts with nonpolar and polar fractions were used for UHPLC—HRMS/MS analysis [5] .…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dissected gut tissues were put in RNA later solution (10 µl/gut) and 10 guts per biological sample were used. RNA extraction was performed using the pre-optimized protocol [6 , 5] . The quality and quantity of the extracted RNA were evaluated using agarose gel and Qubit, respectively.…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Better quality RNA samples (RIN > 7) were sent for sequencing (150 bp paired-end reads, minimum 30 mil. reads per sample) to Novo-gene sequencing company, China [5] .…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
“…Added information of the housekeeping gene list with thirteen genes was ranked and provided after standardization ( Fig. 6 ), which supports the related research article [5] for future gene study in mentioned tissue of the beetle. Fig.…”
Section: Data Descriptionsupporting
confidence: 60%
“…Beetle rearing conditions and gut dissections were mentioned in relevant research article [5] . Before analysis, the guts were dissected from beetles of different life stages for further analysis.…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The samples were then centrifuged at 4000 RPM for 3 min and the supernatant was collected in a new vial with 100 µl glass insert. Gut extracts with nonpolar and polar fractions were used for UHPLC—HRMS/MS analysis [5] .…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dissected gut tissues were put in RNA later solution (10 µl/gut) and 10 guts per biological sample were used. RNA extraction was performed using the pre-optimized protocol [6 , 5] . The quality and quantity of the extracted RNA were evaluated using agarose gel and Qubit, respectively.…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Better quality RNA samples (RIN > 7) were sent for sequencing (150 bp paired-end reads, minimum 30 mil. reads per sample) to Novo-gene sequencing company, China [5] .…”
Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning
Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) spend most of their life in tissues of host plants, with several species representing economically relevant pests. Their behaviour is largely guided by complex olfactory cues. The compound verbenone was discovered early in the history of bark beetle pheromone research and is now sometimes referred to as a ‘universal bark beetle repellent’. However, some studies aiming to protect trees with verbenone have failed. In fact, most research effort has gone into applied studies, leaving many questions regarding the ecological functions of verbenone for various species unanswered. Here, we review and analyse the scientific literature from more than 50 years. Behavioural responses to verbenone are common among pest bark beetles (< 1% of scolytine species studied so far). Indeed, attraction is inhibited in 38 species from 16 genera, while some secondary species are unaffected or even attracted to verbenone. It is not clear whether the beetles can control the biosynthesis of verbenone; its release may not be an active signal by the beetles, but a passive cue resulting from microorganisms during host colonisation. In this context, we advocate to recognise a bark beetle and its microbiome as an entity (‘holobiont’), to better understand temporal release patterns and deduce the specific function of verbenone for a given species. Surprisingly, natural enemies are not commonly attracted by verbenone, but more taxa need to be studied. A better understanding of the ecological functions of verbenone will help to make verbenone-based tools more effective and improve integrated pest management strategies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
