Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

Ferreira, Saulo Rocha; Barbosa, Lívia Maria dos Reis; Marcolla, Camila Schultz; Soares, Marcos Henrique; Júnior, Dante Teixeira Valente; Rodrigues, Gustavo Amorim; Saraiva, Alysson

doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p365

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, our results may be explained by the lower level of dietary tryptophan; Liang et al (2018) have demonstrated that lower levels of tryptophan in the diet may lead to lower feed intake. Moreover, an optimal ratio between digestible lysine and metabolizable energy (ME) must be prioritized when the amino acid or energy contents of the diet change (Ferreira et al, 2019). Researchers have demonstrated that pigs present lower feed intake when fed lower SID lys:ME diets (Sweer et al, 2018;Ferreira et al, 2019), as might have been the case in the low-lys treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary reduction of digestible lysine in nursery pig diets: performance and economic analysis

Correia

Saraiva

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim.

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To evaluate the effects of temporary dietary lysine restriction on nursery pigs’ growth performance and its economic viability compared to control diets, 144 piglets (21-d-old) were assigned to randomized blocks, with two treatments and twelve replicates. The treatments were control-lys: lysine level as recommended from 21-32 and 32-42 days and low-lys: 90% of the lysine level of the control-lys diets. From 42 to 62 days, all animals received a control diet. From 21 to 32 days, pigs fed low-lys had worse average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion, and 32-d body weight (BW; P ≤ 0.05). From 32 to 42 days, pigs fed low-lys had lower average daily feed intake, ADG, and 42-d BW (P ≤ 0.05). From 42 to 62 days, pigs had similar performance (P > 0.05). Overall (21 to 62 days), pigs fed the low-lys had lower (P <0.05) ADG and final BW. At 27 and 29 days, pigs fed the low-lys diet had a higher (P≤0.05) incidence of diarrhea. The lowest feed cost and the highest economic efficiency index were recorded for the low-lys treatment. However, pigs fed the control-lys presented a 3.9% higher profitability. In conclusion, a temporary reduction of lysine in the diets of nursery pigs followed by an unrestricted diet in the subsequent period led to worse growth performance and lower economic viability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary reduction of digestible lysine in nursery pig diets: performance and economic analysis

Correia

Saraiva

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim.

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“…The present study aimed to determine the response of pigs from the Chinese indigenous genotype to variables in the SID Lys level from 20 to 90 kg bodyweight and therefore estimate the optimal dietary SID Lys requirements of Baqing pigs at growth-finishing periods. Previous studies have clarified that Lys supplementation in the basal diet improved the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing and finishing pigs [ 24 , 25 ]. Similarly, Oresanya et al [ 26 ] illustrated that the BW and ADG of weaned pigs increased quadratically with increasing dietary Lys concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Metabolites, and Meat Quality of Baqing Pigs

Huo

Yang

et al. 2022

Animals

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This study was carried out to determine the Lys requirements of Baqing pigs and the effects of different dietary lysine levels on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, serum metabolites, and carcass and meat traits. A total of 120 castrated Baqing pigs were selected by body weight and randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicate pens (4 pigs per pen, castrated) per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Five diets in mash form were formulated to contain SID Lys at 0.56%, 0.68%, 0.80%, 0.92%, and 1.04% of diet in phase 1 (20–40 kg), at 0.45%, 0.54%, 0.63%, 0.72%, and 0.81% of diet in phase 2 (40–60 kg), and at 0.39%, 0.47%, 0.55%, 0.63%, and 0.71% of diet in phase 3 (60–90 kg), respectively. The results showed that the bodyweight of pigs was not affected by dietary SID Lys content during each period. However, the addition of dietary SID Lys linearly reduced F/G in the first period and quadratically increased ADG during the second period (p < 0.05). The digestible energy (DE) was increased linearly and quadratically in the first phases with the dietary increased SID Lys levels, while DE was reduced in the third and second phases (p < 0.05). Increasing SID Lys contents linearly increased the serum TG concentration and quadratically decreased the serum GLU concentration, while linearly reducing the serum HDLC concentration of first period pigs (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of TP, TG, TC, and LDLC were increased linearly with the increasing dietary SID Lys levels in the second period (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of Lys increased quadratically, and histidine increased linearly with the increased dietary SID Lys levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the treatment three group, dietary SID Lys addition content at treatment four increased the shear force of the longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05), but it did not affect the other carcass and meat traits. The optimal SID Lys requirement of 20–40 kg, 40–60 kg, and 60–90 kg of Baqing pigs fed corn–soybean meal-based diets is estimated to be 0.92%, 0.66%, and 0.55% of the diets by the quadratic curve models, respectively.

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“…Grow-finishing pigs can compensate a low energy density diet by increasing ADFI [ 13 ]. However, there are inconsistencies regarding whether reducing dietary energy density results in a reduced [ 14 , 16 , 27 , 33 ] or similar energy intake [ 19 , 22 , 34 ]. If the energy value of feeds is correctly valued, and pigs can compensate for the reduced energy density, it would be expected that there would be no effect on ADG if there are no differences in maintenance energy requirements [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, De La Llata et al [ 37 ] only reported an effect of increasing energy density in the first growing phase (25–45 and 34–60 kg BW, for gilts and barrows, respectively), but it was not significant for later phases up to 120 kg BW. Other authors did not report an effect of reducing dietary NE on daily NE intake [ 19 , 34 , 40 ]; however, Beaulieu et al [ 22 ] reported effects when research was carried out in research facilities but not in commercial farms. It is possible, as suggested by Nitikanchana et al [ 25 ], that there is an extra value of adding fat to a diet in addition to its high energy content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in some conditions, pigs cannot completely compensate for the reduced energy density, especially younger animals [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] or low-weight pigs [ 17 ] with a limited ADFI [ 18 ]. Under these circumstances, the lower energy intake may impair ADG by limiting protein [ 19 , 20 ] or fat deposition [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], depending on whether pigs are in the energy or amino acid-dependent phase [ 24 ]. In the systems for producing lean carcasses, the effects of reducing dietary energy density could be problematic when protein deposition is limited; however, in systems requiring a minimum fat deposition, the effect may be a problem when fat deposition is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Implications of Nutritional Strategies that Modify Dietary Energy and Lysine for Growth Performance in Two Different Swine Production Systems

Aymerich

Soldevila

Bonet

et al. 2020

Animals

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This work aimed to determine the impacts of lowering dietary net energy (NE) density in two swine production systems that produce pigs with different carcass traits. To ensure that dietary lysine was not limiting growth, two studies were conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with NE and standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) as experimental factors. A total of 1248 pigs were used in each study, Pietrain (Exp. 1, males non-castrated) or Duroc (Exp. 2, males castrated) sired. Reducing NE resulted in a greater feed intake; however, this was not sufficient to reach the same NE intake. While in Exp. 1 a 3.2% lower NE intake did not impair average daily gain (ADG; p = 0.220), in Exp. 2 a 4.7% lower NE intake reduced ADG by 1.4% (p = 0.027). Furthermore, this effect on ADG entailed a reduced ham fat thickness (p = 0.004) of the first marketed pigs. Increasing SID Lys only had a positive effect in Exp. 1, but no significant interaction between NE and SID Lys was reported (p ≥ 0.100). Therefore, dietary NE can be reduced without impairing growth performance when pigs can increase feed intake sufficiently, and thus, limit energy deficiencies.

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Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Temporary reduction of digestible lysine in nursery pig diets: performance and economic analysis

Temporary reduction of digestible lysine in nursery pig diets: performance and economic analysis

Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Metabolites, and Meat Quality of Baqing Pigs

The Implications of Nutritional Strategies that Modify Dietary Energy and Lysine for Growth Performance in Two Different Swine Production Systems

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