Metabolism of hydrogen gases and bile acids in the gut microbiome

Hylemon, Phillip B.; Harris, Spencer; Ridlon, Jason M.

doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13064

Cited by 94 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 77 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, lower abundances of Eisenbergiella , Oscillospira , Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group and Synergistia in CS and all RS groups suggested that these four genera are unlikely to be involved in the degradation of complex carbohydrates. Both Bilophila and Eggerthella are involved in bile acid metabolism . Previous studies have indicated that bile acid promotes the expansion of Bilophila , while amylopectin rather than amylose increases the production of bile acid .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary resistant starch modifies the composition and function of caecal microbiota of broilers

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

J Sci Food Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Diet plays an important role in shaping the composition of gut microbiota. Starch is the main source of carbohydrates in diets of broilers. This study investigated the effects of dietary corn starch and resistant starch on composition and function of caecal microbiota of broilers. A total of 320, 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned into five groups including normal corn-soybean (NC) diet, corn starch (CS) diet group, 4%, 8% and 12% resistant starch (RS) diet groups. The caecal contents of 42-day old broilers were sampled and microbiota community was analysed with 16S rRNA gene sequences. RESULTS: The CS group increased the abundances of Bilophila, Eggerthella, Olsenella and Sellimonas and decreased proportion of Akkermansia, Eisenbergiella, Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group and Synergistes in the caecum of birds compared to the NC group. However, the birds from RS groups had higher abundances of Anaerofilum, Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio andParasutterella and lower abundances of Alistipes, Bilophila, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Eggerthella and Ruminiclostridium 1 than the CS group. Functional prediction of these changes in microbiota revealed that the CS diet drove caecal microbiota that were more inclined to utilize carbohydrates through glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism, while the 8%RS and 12%RS diets depleted microbial glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and amino acids metabolism. CONCLUSION: Dietary CS and RS alter the microbial composition and diversity, and modulate the metabolic pathways of microbial metabolism in caecum of broilers, which may further affect nutrient utilization and hindgut health of the host.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary resistant starch modifies the composition and function of caecal microbiota of broilers

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

J Sci Food Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Gut microbes generate a diverse metabolite repertoire that is proposed to mediate the effects of gut microbiome on host health and disease, some metabolites can promote metabolic benefits on body weight and glucose control, such as short-chain fatty acids like acetate, propionate and butyrate [12][13][14]. Importantly, molecular hydrogen(H 2 ), with a recent recognition of being a novel biologically-active gas exhibiting antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and signaling properties and having great potential as a preventive and therapeutic medical gas [15][16][17], can be generated by fermentative metabolism in anaerobic ecosystems [18,19]. Molecular hydrogen has long been identified as a main component of intestinal gas in humans and respiratory hydrogen gas excretion can indicate intestinal hydrogen gas production [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Arabinose Elicits Gut-Derived Hydrogen Production and Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome in C57BL/6J Mice on High-Fat-Diet

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) associated with excess calorie intake has become a great public health concern worldwide. L-arabinose, a naturally occurring plant pentose, has a promising future as a novel food ingredient with benefits in MS; yet the mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Gut microbiota is recently recognized to play key roles in MS. Molecular hydrogen, an emerging medical gas with reported benefits in MS, can be produced and utilized by gut microbes. Here we show oral L-arabinose elicited immediate and robust release of hydrogen in mice in a dose-and-time-dependent manner while alleviating high-fat-diet (HFD) induced MS including increased body weight especially fat weight, impaired insulin sensitivity, liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, L-arabinose modulated gene-expressions involved in lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in key metabolic tissues. Antibiotics treatment abolished L-arabinose-elicited hydrogen production independent of diet type, confirming gut microbes as the source of hydrogen. q-PCR of fecal 16S rDNA revealed modulation of relative abundances of hydrogen-producing and hydrogen-consuming gut microbes as well as probiotics by HFD and L-arabinose. Our data uncovered modulating gut microbiota and hydrogen yield, expression of genes governing lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic tissues is underlying L-arabinose's benefits in MS.Nutrients 2019, 11, 3054 2 of 29 non-caloric sugars have become one of the rising stars among nutraceuticals with great potential in anti-MS application with reported benefits in both animal experiments and human studies.L-arabinose, a naturally occurring constituent of plant polysaccharides, usually extracted from vegetable gum, corn straw or beet, has gained considerable attention for its potential in anti-MS application recently. L-arabinose administration for 6 weeks reduces body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, serum insulin, serum TNF-α and serum leptin; and increases hepatic CPT1 and PDK4 mRNA level while decreases hepatic ACCα mRNA level in high-carbohydrate-high-fat-diet induced MS rats [1]. Polysaccharide from corn silk containing L-arabinose showed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on diabetic mice induced by high-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozotocin injection [2]. One mechanism underlying L-arabinose's benefits in MS has been demonstrated as directly inhibiting intestinal sucrase activity both in vitro and in human [3], which explains why L-arabinose effectively lower blood glucose and insulin level with ingestion of high-sucrose food or beverages but is unable to account for L-arabinose's benefits in MS in general. Therefore, more studies are urgently called to illuminate the mechanisms underlying L-arabinose's effects in HFD models, considering fat being a major source of energy intake in reality.Gut microbiota has been recognized to play a pathogenic role in the development of MS in both humans and animal models in the last...

show abstract

“…Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDH) are responsible for the cleavage of two protons in the molecule (simple hydrogenation). In the human organism, the epimerization of the hydroxyl groups occurs via stereospecific oxidation followed by the stereospecific reduction of the oxo groups [ 35 ]. In the human gut, microorganisms of the genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia, Eggerthella, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Rumniococcus are primarily responsible for these reactions [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Oxidation of Primary Bile Acids: A Tool for Simulating Their Oxidative Metabolism?

Suarez

Rohn

2018

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bile acids are a subgroup of sterols and important products of cholesterol catabolism in mammalian organisms. Modifications (e.g., oxidation and 7-dehydroxylation) are predominantly exerted by the intestinal microbiota. Bile acids can be found in almost all living organisms, and their concentration and metabolism can be used for the assessment of the pathological and nutritional status of an organism. Electrochemical oxidation is a rapid, relatively inexpensive approach to simulate natural metabolic redox processes in vitro. This technique further allows the identification of oxidative degradation pathways of individual substances, as well as the demonstration of binding studies of generated oxidation products with biologically relevant molecules. When coupling an electrochemical and a high-resolution mass spectrometric system, oxidation products can be generated and identified directly by non-targeted ESI-MS. Here, a method for the generation of oxidation products of the primary bile acids cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid was exemplarily developed. Most products and the highest intensities were observed at a pH value of 6. For cholic acid, a high potential of 3 V was necessary, while for chenodeoxycholic acid, a potential of 2.4 V led to a higher number of oxidation products. In a second approach, a binding study with glutathione was performed to simulate phase II metabolism. It was possible to detect signals of free glutathione, free bile acids, and adducts of both reactants. As the resulting mass spectra also showed some new signals of the oxidized bile acid, which could not be observed without glutathione, it can be assumed that glutathione is able to bind reactive oxidation species before reacting with other products.

show abstract

Metabolism of hydrogen gases and bile acids in the gut microbiome

Cited by 94 publications

References 77 publications

Dietary resistant starch modifies the composition and function of caecal microbiota of broilers

Dietary resistant starch modifies the composition and function of caecal microbiota of broilers

L-Arabinose Elicits Gut-Derived Hydrogen Production and Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome in C57BL/6J Mice on High-Fat-Diet

Electrochemical Oxidation of Primary Bile Acids: A Tool for Simulating Their Oxidative Metabolism?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About