Metabolism, Distribution, and Excretion of Deoxynivalenol with Combined Techniques of Radiotracing, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, and Online Radiometric Detection

Abstract

Dispositions of deoxynivalenol (DON) in rats and chickens were investigated, using a radiotracer method coupled with a novel γ-accurate radioisotope counting (γ-ARC) radio-high-performance liquid chromatography ion trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (radio-HPLC-IT-TOF-MS/MS) system. 3β-(3)H-DON was chemically synthesized and orally administrated to both sexes of rats and chickens as single or multiple doses. The results showed that DON was widely distributed and quickly eliminated in all tissues. The highest concentration was found in the gastrointestinal tract at 6 h post-administration. Substantially lower levels were detected in the kidney, liver, heart, lung, spleen, and brain. Three new metabolites were identified tentatively as 10-deoxynivalenol-sulfonate, 10-deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1)-sulfonate, and deoxynivalenol-3α-sulfate. Deoxynivalenol-3α-sulfate was a major metabolite in chickens, while the major forms in rats were DOM-1 and DON. Additionally, a higher excretion rate in urine was observed in female rats than in male rats. The differences in metabolite profiles and excretion rates, which suggested diverse ways to detoxify, may relate to the different tolerances in different genders or species.

Immune‐affinity monolithic array with chemiluminescent detection for mycotoxins in barley

“…The linear ranges for multiple mycotoxins arrays were spanning for three orders of magnitude and the limits of detection (LOD) were as low as 0.029, 0.036, 0.025, 0.035, 0.019, 0.013, and 0.031 µg L −1 of ZEN, DON, T‐2, HT‐2, AFs, OTA, and FB 1 , respectively (indicated by red circles in Fig. ), which meet well the requirements for detection of these compounds in food samples …”

Age‐related change of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase activities in male chickens and pigs

“…Glucuronidation and sulfation are important mechanisms of detoxification and excretion of these mycotoxins in animals. Sulfated deoxynivalenol and zearalenone have been found to be the predominant metabolites in the excreta of chickens and other avian species following oral administration of those mycotoxins (Wan et al ., ; Guerre, ; Schwartz‐Zimmermann et al ., ). However, glucuronidation is the major metabolic pathway of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in pigs (Zinedine et al ., ; Dänicke & Brezina, ; Maul et al ., ).…”

The Impact of Deoxynivalenol on Pigeon Health: Occurrence in Feed, Toxicokinetics and Interaction with Salmonellosis

“…No DOM-1, DON-3α-glucuronide, 10-DON-sulphonate, 10-de-epoxydeoxnivalenol-sulphonate could be demonstrated in the plasma of pigeons. Also in broiler chickens and turkey poults it was demonstrated that glucuronidation of DON is a minor biotransformation pathway [7, 38]. Since, no standard solutions are commercially available for these metabolites (except for DOM-1) accurate quantitative analysis cannot be performed.…”