Metabolic syndrome is not associated to an increased risk of low bone mineral density in men at risk for osteoporosis

Rendina, Domenico; D’Elia, Lanfranco; Filippo, Gianpaolo De; Abate, Veronica; Evangelista, M.; Giaquinto, Alfonso; Barone, Biagio; Piccinocchi, Gaetano; Prezioso, Domenico; Strazzullo, Pasquale

doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01638-w

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Testosterone increases the proliferation of osteoblasts and, contextually, reduces pro-apoptotic signaling, through a fine regulation of the protein kinase B, while inhibiting osteoclast formation stimulated by parathyroid hormone [ 68 , 69 ]. Age-related testosterone deficiency is associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fracture [ 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Considering that osteoporosis represents a significant problem in older men and that 30% of all hip fractures occurring in men report increased mortality compared to women, the possibility to maintain testosterone levels within the normal range via TRT is a tempting perspective [ 73 ].…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Testosterone in the Elderly: What Do We Know?

Barone

Napolitano

Cirillo

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Testosterone is the most important hormone in male health. Aging is characterized by testosterone deficiency due to decreasing testosterone levels associated with low testicular production, genetic factors, adiposity, and illness. Low testosterone levels in men are associated with sexual dysfunction (low sexual desire, erectile dysfunction), reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, decreased bone mineral density, increased cardiovascular risk and alterations of the glycometabolic profile. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) shows several therapeutic effects while maintaining a good safety profile in hypogonadal men. TRT restores normal levels of serum testosterone in men, increasing libido and energy level and producing beneficial effects on bone density, strength and muscle as well as yielding cardioprotective effects. Nevertheless, TRT could be contraindicated in men with untreated prostate cancer, although poor findings are reported in the literature. In addition, different potential side effects, such as polycythemia, cardiac events and obstructive sleep apnea, should be monitored. The aim of our review is to provide an updated background regarding the pros and cons of TRT, evaluating its role and its clinical applicability in different domains.

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Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Testosterone in the Elderly: What Do We Know?

Barone

Napolitano

Cirillo

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…A similar pattern was also found in other conditions affecting the mineral metabolism, such as osteoporosis, which can be considered the other side of the same process, as well as a risk factor for NL [ 56 ]. The association with metabolic syndrome was found in this case in women but not in men [ 57 , 58 ], so the current degree of adhesion to the MD pattern observed, in Western countries, may be one of the reasons for the growing incidence of metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and NL [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Salt Intake, and Susceptibility to Nephrolithiasis: A Case–Control Study

Abate,

Vergatti,

Iaccarino Idelson

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Unhealthy dietary habits play a key role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis (NL). The aims of this case–control study were to evaluate (i) the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the dietary salt intake in stone-forming patients (SF), (ii) the relationship occurring between MD adherence, salt intake and NL-related metabolic risk factors in SF, and (iii) the impact of combined high MD adherence and low salt intake on NL susceptibility. From 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, we recruited all SF consecutively referred to the Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) center of Federico II University, and at least two control subjects without a personal history of NL, age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched to SF (NSF). All study participants were interviewed using the validated MEDI-LITE and MINISAL questionnaires. In an SF subgroup, the NL-related metabolic risk factors were also evaluated. SF showed a lower MD adherence and a higher salt intake compared with NSF. The NL susceptibility decreased by 36% [OR: 0.64 (0.59–0.70); p < 0.01] for each point of increase in MEDI-LITE score, while it increased by 13% [OR: 1.13 (1.03–1.25); p = 0.01] for each point of increase in MINISAL score. The SF prevalence was higher among subjects showing combined low MD adherence and high salt intake. In SF, the MEDI-LITE score directly correlated with 24 h-citraturia, whereas the MINISAL score directly correlated with urinary sodium and uric acid excretion. In conclusion, high MD adherence and low salt intake are associated with a reduced NL susceptibility, both separately and in combination.

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“…Several studies evaluated the risk of osteoporosis in MetS. In 880 Caucasian men with MetS [53], there was no association of MetS with the prevalence of osteoporosis. In contrast, Rhee et al [54] in a Korean population found that MetS was associated with a low occurrence of osteoporosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Bone Mass in Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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Studies to date have yielded conflicting results on associations between components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and bone mineral density (BMD), particularly in men. This current systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the existing gap in the literature and aims to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) in men diagnosed with MetS. The two study authors independently searched PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, and Web of Science up to 8 February 2022 for studies in English. The inclusion criteria were (i) diagnosis of MetS according to the NCEP-ATP III 2001 criteria; (ii) adult male demographic; (iii) analyzable data on BMD in at least two sites using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and (iv) original observational studies. Case reports and non-English articles were excluded. We analyzed the results of seven studies providing data on bone density in men with MetS. Results: Based on random effect weights, the mean BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine were 0.84 and 1.02, respectively. The mean lumbar spine T-score was −0.92. In meta-regression analysis, the variances in mean BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck could not be significantly explained by BMI (lumbar BMD: Q = 1.10, df = 1, p = 0.29; femoral neck BMD: Q = 0.91, df = 1, p = 0.34). Our meta-analysis suggests normal bone mass in adult males with MetS. Due to the high heterogeneity in the seven analyzed studies and the lack of control groups in these studies, further research is needed to fully elucidate the associations between MetS and its components and BMD in men.

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Metabolic syndrome is not associated to an increased risk of low bone mineral density in men at risk for osteoporosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

The Role of Testosterone in the Elderly: What Do We Know?

The Role of Testosterone in the Elderly: What Do We Know?

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Salt Intake, and Susceptibility to Nephrolithiasis: A Case–Control Study

The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Bone Mass in Men: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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