Metabolic syndrome in subjects with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in a current depressive episode: Population-based study

Moreira, Fernanda Pedrotti; Jansen, Karen; Cardoso, Taiane de Azevedo; Mondin, Thaíse Campos; Magalhães, Pedro Vieira da Silva; Kapczinski, Flávio; Souza, Luciano Dias de Mattos; Silva, Ricardo Azevedo da; Oses, Jean Pierre; Wiener, Carolina David

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.025

Cited by 61 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of changes in CVD risk factors in patients with SCZ and BD from the same catchment area during the past decade. Although there are no previous studies for direct comparison, the findings are in line with recent cross‐sectional studies showing elevated levels of CVD risk factors, including waist circumference, BMI, lipids and FPG , although some variation in severity exists . Similarly to other studies, we found increased prevalence of MetS, overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, low‐HDL, hypertension and daily smoking in patients compared to healthy controls and the general population .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cardiovascular risk remains high in schizophrenia with modest improvements in bipolar disorder during past decade

Rødevand

Steen

Elvsåshagen

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Elvs ashagen T, Quintana DS, Reponen EJ, Mørch RH, Lunding SH, Vedal TSJ, Dieset I, Melle I, Lagerberg TV, Andreassen OA. Cardiovascular risk remains high in schizophrenia with modest improvements in bipolar disorder during past decade Objective: While CVD risk has decreased in the general population during the last decade, the situation in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) is unknown. Methods: We compared CVD risk factors in patients with SCZ and BD recruited from 2002-2005 (2005 sample, N = 270) with patients recruited from 2006-2017 (2017 sample, N = 1011) from the same catchment area in Norway. The 2017 sample was also compared with healthy controls (N = 922) and the general population (N range = 1285-4587, Statistics Norway) from the same area and period. Results: Patients with SCZ and BD in the 2017 sample had significantly higher level of most CVD risk factors compared to healthy controls and the general population. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CVD risk factors in SCZ between the 2005 and 2017 samples except a small increase in glucose in the 2017 sample. There were small-to-moderate reductions in hypertension, obesity, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the BD 2017 sample compared to the 2005 sample.Conclusion: Despite major advances in health promotion during the past decade, there has been no reduction in the level of CVD risk factors in patients with SCZ and modest improvement in BD. Significant outcomes• We found no improvement in CVD risk in patients with SCZ while patients with BD had small-tomoderate reductions in several risk factors during the past decade.• The striking increase in CVD risk factors in patients with SCZ and BD compared to the general population is a major clinical problem in psychiatry. Limitations• The study periods of the 2005 and 2017 samples are close, which may reduce the chance of detecting differences between the samples.• Fasting blood samples and information on daily smoking were retrieved from a subset of healthy controls, although a sufficiently large number for comparison with patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Cardiovascular risk remains high in schizophrenia with modest improvements in bipolar disorder during past decade

Rødevand

Steen

Elvsåshagen

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…Nevertheless, a relation between depression and lipid disturbances has been recently demonstrated [ 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 ].…”

Section: Lipid Molecules and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, high total cholesterol (TC) and LDL are significantly associated with depressive symptoms and severity, with depression prospective course [ 236 ], and with metabolic syndrome in MDD [ 237 ]. In support of the relation between the severity of depression and cholesterol alteration, Enko et al showed that, although depressed patients display only a slight increase in TC and LDL, there is a positive correlation between BDI-II depression score and triglycerides (TG), TC and LDL, and a negative, even though not significant, correlation with HDL [ 238 ].…”

Section: Lipid Molecules and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cross sectional nature of most studies, the different categorization of age, sampling and dissimilar tools of evaluation of depression applied in the studies, as well as the considerations of confounder factors (e.g., BMI, drug treatments) might explain the controversial findings about depression and circulating lipids and lipoproteins. Moreover, several studies analyzed the association of metabolic alterations with MDD, without carrying information about the inclusion of the BD individuals or without specifying which episode they were experiencing [ 237 ], all factors that could affect the conclusions.…”

Section: Lipid Molecules and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression and Cardiovascular Disease: The Viewpoint of Platelets

Amadio

Zara

Sandrini

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Depression is a major cause of morbidity and low quality of life among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is now considered as an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events. Increasing evidence indicates not only that depression worsens the prognosis of cardiac events, but also that a cross-vulnerability between the two conditions occurs. Among the several mechanisms proposed to explain this interplay, platelet activation is the more attractive, seeing platelets as potential mirror of the brain function. In this review, we dissected the mechanisms linking depression and CVD highlighting the critical role of platelet behavior during depression as trigger of cardiovascular complication. In particular, we will discuss the relationship between depression and molecules involved in the CVD (e.g., catecholamines, adipokines, lipids, reactive oxygen species, and chemokines), emphasizing their impact on platelet activation and related mechanisms.

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“…Das et al () reported the rate of MDD to be 46.15% in T2D patients. In a population sample of 972 subjects (mean age 25.81), MDD patients had a 35.1%, prevalence of MetS compared to the 22.1% of the population sample (Moreira et al, ). Several pathways are implicated in MDD, and, if impaired, may contribute to T2D and/or MetS (Figure ).…”

Section: Mental and Metabolic Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐shared genetics and possible risk gene pathway partially explain the comorbidity of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome

Postolache

Bosque-Plata

Jabbour

et al. 2019

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in treatment-naive patients are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). SCZ, MDD, T2D, and MetS are often comorbid and their comorbidity increases cardiovascular risk: Some risk genes are likely co-shared by them. For instance, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 9 (PSMD9) are two genes independently reported as contributing to T2D and SCZ, and PSMD9 to MDD as well. However, there are scarce data on the shared genetic risk among SCZ, MDD, T2D, and/or MetS. Here, we briefly describe T2D, MetS, SCZ, and MDD and their genetic architecture. Next, we report separately about the comorbidity of SCZ and MDD with T2D and MetS, and their respective genetic overlap. We propose a novel hypothesis that genes of the prolactin (PRL)-pathway may be implicated in the comorbidity of these disorders. The inherited predisposition of patients with SCZ and MDD to psychoneuroendocrine dysfunction may confer increased risk of T2D and MetS. We illustrate a strategy to identify risk variants in each disorder and in their comorbid psychoneuroendocrine and mentalmetabolic dysfunctions, advocating for studies of genetically homogeneous and phenotype-rich families. The results will guide future studies of the shared predisposition and molecular genetics of new homogeneous endophenotypes of SCZ, MDD, and metabolic impairment.

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Metabolic syndrome in subjects with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in a current depressive episode: Population-based study

Cited by 61 publications

References 32 publications

Cardiovascular risk remains high in schizophrenia with modest improvements in bipolar disorder during past decade

Cardiovascular risk remains high in schizophrenia with modest improvements in bipolar disorder during past decade

Depression and Cardiovascular Disease: The Viewpoint of Platelets

Co‐shared genetics and possible risk gene pathway partially explain the comorbidity of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome

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