Metabolic syndrome and its individual components among people with type 2 diabetes: Prevalence, gender differences and its association with ischemic heart disease

Khuwaja, Ali Khan; Ali, Faridah; Naqvi, Imama; Bux, Rasool; Jabbar, Abdul; Dhanani, Raheem

doi:10.4236/jdm.2012.23052

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…According to the harmonized criteria, female sex was significantly associated with MetS and is 2.3 times (CI: 1.5–4.9, P-value≤0.001) more likely to have MetS compared to male sex. This finding is also supported by other studies 7,26. The reason might be more weight, less activity, and higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in women 27.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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<p>A Comparative Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Using Four Different Diagnostic Criteria</p>

Wube¹,

Nuru²,

Tesfaye³

2019

DMSO

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BackgroundRecognition of MetS in type two diabetic patients is important in starting the appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures. The commonly used definitions of MetS have similarities and discrepancies. Different definitions defined metabolic syndrome differently. IDF, WHO, NCEP-ATP III, and the harmonized definitions were used frequently to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.ObjectivesThis study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using four definitions and to identify the concordance and the difference of these four definitions.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from February 28 to May 30/2017 at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital. The study involved 314 study participants selected by simple random sampling technique. Logistic regression was used to determine associated factors of metabolic syndrome, and kappa statistics was used to determine the concordance between different definitions of metabolic syndrome. In any cases, a p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to IDF, WHO, harmonized, and NCEP-ATP III diagnostic criteria was 59.9%, 31.2%, 65.6%, and 70.1%, respectively. Our study found the maximum agreement between IDF and NCEP criteria (K=0.54, P<0.001) and IDF and Harmonized(K=0.65, P<0.001). Uric acid level was associated factor of metabolic syndrome by all the four definitions, and total cholesterol was associated factors by the three definitions.ConclusionThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies based on the definition used and the highest prevalence of MetS was observed with NCEP-ATP III and the different types of criteria do not always diagnose the same group of individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…T2DM are often manifestations of MetS 6. The syndrome directly contributes to the appearance of T2DM and it is one of the main contributors of death from atherosclerosis among these patients 7. MetS was highly prevalent in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic cases 8,9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>A Comparative Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Using Four Different Diagnostic Criteria</p>

Wube¹,

Nuru²,

Tesfaye³

2019

DMSO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The frequencies of MS (88.2%, 87.4%, and 86.3%) obtained in the study were slightly increased but comparable to other frequencies ranging 70.0% to 91.9% reported from Pakistan [7][8][9][10] ; however greatly differed with the frequencies reported from India, Ghana and Nigeria. [13][14][15] The ATP III, IDF and WHO criteria determined nearly equivalent frequencies and propose that these criteria can equally be used to measure frequency of MS in type 2 diabetics.…”

Section: -13supporting

confidence: 74%

“…Likewise present study, other studies also reported obesity as the most frequently occurring MS component with gender association. 10,12 Obesity was found in more than 90% patients by IDF & WHO criteria; but was markedly reduced upto 67% patients by ATP III criteria. This significant difference seems because of ATP III criteria that do not recommend ethnic specific values for waist circumference.…”

Section: -13mentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolic Syndrome; Agreement Between Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Adnan

2017

TPMJ

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ABSTRACT… Background: Metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus are the modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases that double the chance of illness when occur together. Little work has been reported on the superlative criteria to diagnose metabolic syndrome among diabetics from the country. Therefore, the study was aimed to find the agreement between metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria among type 2 diabetics. Methods: The retrospective data of 373 known type 2 diabetics who had reported history of taking antidiabetic medicines was analyzed. The new International Diabetes Federation definition, the World Health Organization criteria and the NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Mean age of 373 diabetics was 49±10 years. Participants included 36.5% males and 63.5% females. Mean BMI, WC and BP were high in females; while HDL-C was low in males (p <0.05). The frequency of MS by ATP III, IDF and WHO criteria were 88.2%; 87.4%; and 86.3%, respectively. Significant association was present between femininity, higher socioeconomic status and MS (p <0.05). ATP III criteria diagnosed the maximum number of MS followed by IDF and WHO criteria. The highest agreement was found between ATP III and IDF criteria (k 0.487). More than 85.0% diabetics were diagnosed as true positive and true negative on all three criteria. The disagreement between the studied criteria ranged from 5.1% to 8.0%. Conclusion:The ATP III, IDF and WHO criteria can equally be used to diagnose metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetics in the settings. However, ATP III and IDF criteria have an edge over WHO criteria. Increased rate of metabolic syndrome among diabetics have need of serious attention to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Key words:Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Metabolic Syndrome X, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure, Hypertriglyceridemia, Prevalence.

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“…A research in Karachi in 2012 21 on 889 diabetics showed that 70% of the participants had metabolic syndrome, a percentage relating to our research value. In North Catalonia the metabolic syndrome's prevalence was 68.7% showing a global trend.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diabetics in a Low Socioeconomic Cohort; An Update Into the Pattern of Presentation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Nageen¹,

Kidwai²,

Bashir³

et al. 2017

TPMJ

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ABSTRACT… Objectives:To study the latest trend of cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetics in a low socioeconomic group. Design: Cross sectional observational. Place and duration: Three tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. June 2013 -Dec 2014. Methods: 824 type II adult diabetic patients of both genders were included. History was taken regarding diabetes, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cerebrovascular accidents. Blood pressure and BMI was recorded. Investigations were done for dyslipidemia. SPSS 16 was used for means, frequencies and proportions. Results: There were 276 males (33%) and 548 females (67%) with a mean age of 52 years (±9.67). Mean duration of diabetes was 9.36 years (± 6.39). Hypertension was present in 375 (45%) diabetics of which males were 124(33%) and females were 251(66.6%). Frequency of hypertension in total diabetic males is 45% (125) and in females 45.6 %( 140). Ischemic heart disease was present in 105 patients (12.7%) in which males were 45(42.8%) and females were 60(57.1%). The male percentage of ischemic heart disease was 16.3% (45) of the total males and females 11 %( 40). Stroke was found in 19 patients (2.3%) equally distributed in both genders. Mean Body mass Index was 28.02 (+/-5.31) with 135 (16.3%) being overweight and 529 (64.2%) obese. Dyslipidemia was present in 250 (42.3%) out of 591 patients. Smoking history taken in 614 patients showed that 73 (11.8%) were smokers and/or chewed tobacco. Out of a total of 595 patients, 372 (62.5%) patients had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: There is a strong association and high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetics in a low socioeconomic group. Factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking further multiply the cardiovascular risk ratio in diabetics. Key words:Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular risk Factors, Obesity.

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Metabolic syndrome and its individual components among people with type 2 diabetes: Prevalence, gender differences and its association with ischemic heart disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

<p>A Comparative Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Using Four Different Diagnostic Criteria</p>

<p>A Comparative Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Using Four Different Diagnostic Criteria</p>

Metabolic Syndrome; Agreement Between Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetics in a Low Socioeconomic Cohort; An Update Into the Pattern of Presentation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

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