Metabolic syndrome, adipokines and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren: results of a 1-year lifestyle intervention programme

Pedrosa, Carla; Oliveira, Bruno; Albuquerque, Isabel; Simões-Pereira, Carlos; Vaz-de-Almeida, Maria D; Correia, Flora

doi:10.1007/s00431-010-1316-2

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, no correlation was found between adiponectin and TG or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) [38]. Oppositely, no relation between lipid profile and adiponectin was reported in other paediatric studies [14,21]. Concerning adiponectin multimers, while LMW adiponectin seems to be linked with a worse lipid profile, through a positive association with TG [5], HMW adiponectin has shown opposite effects [6], even in PP individuals [11].…”

Section: Lipid Profilementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Some data reported a negative association between adiponectin and both SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) [13,16,36], or with SBP alone [25,29,34,37,70]. Fewer studies describe the absence of association between adiponectin and BP [14,27,49].…”

Section: Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure (Bp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lack of correlation with inflammatory mediators suggests that the levels of adiponectin multimers might be more linked to changes in glucose and lipid metabolisms at young ages. Figure 1 resumes the reported associations between total, HMW and LMW adiponectin with inflammatory mediators, hormones and other factors [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Adiponectin and Its Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adiponectin, Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Paediatric Obese Patients: Impact of Interventional Studies

Nascimento¹,

Coimbra²,

Rêgo³

et al. 2017

Adiposity - Omics and Molecular Understanding

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Paediatric obesity has significant physic, social and psychological implications. Childhood obesity is usually associated in adulthood with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Aggregation of cardiometabolic risk factors is already observed at young ages, with a nonlinear association with enhancement of adiposity. Adiponectin is an adipokine that inhibits inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome components, namely dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure and insulin resistance. Obesity has been associated with hypoadiponectinaemia in both adult and paediatric patients, which may contribute to co-morbidities observed in these patients. Interventional studies that aim to tackle obesity reported controversial results. Although the general positive effect on weight loss, inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers has been studied, the impact of these interventional studies on adiponectin remains unclear. Some studies reported that the improvement in adiponectin might only occur in paediatric obese patients with great weight loss or intensive physical exercise; the magnitude of the changes in body composition appears to be of particular importance. A revision about the knowledge on the relation between adiponectin, inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors in paediatric patients is performed; the impact of interventional studies on adiponectin levels and markers of cardiometabolic risk is also addressed.

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Section: Lipid Profilementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure (Bp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adiponectin and Its Isoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adiponectin, Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Paediatric Obese Patients: Impact of Interventional Studies

Nascimento¹,

Coimbra²,

Rêgo³

et al. 2017

Adiposity - Omics and Molecular Understanding

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“…Contrarily, another study found no impact on TA levels after a nutritional counseling program in prepubertal Portuguese children, despite the improvement in BMI z-score (BMIzsc) and blood lipids (21). Different results were found in a study involving obese adolescent boys, as improvements in adiponectin levels were obtained both by energy restriction and by exercise separately, moreover, cumulative effects were present when both approaches were combined (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Adiponectin and markers of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents: impact of 8-mo regular physical exercise program

et al. 2014

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Background: Adiponectin circulates as low-, medium-, and high-molecular-weight multimers (LMW, MMW, and HMW) and influences lipid profile and insulin resistance (IR), HMW being considered as the most biologically active form. We aimed to study the relation between adiponectin and markers of metabolic syndrome (MS) in pediatric obesity, and the impact of physical exercise. Methods:The study consisted of a cross-sectional part and an 8-mo physical exercise program. Lipid profile, insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), total adiponectin (TA), and homeostasis model assessment IR (HOMA-IR) were measured. Adiponectin multimers were studied in a prepubertal group. results: Obesity is associated with increased dyslipidemia, IR, and inflammation. TA is correlated inversely with adiposity, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and CRP, and positively with highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc)/total cholesterol (TC) ratio. HMW mimicked TA associations. The intervention program led to a reduction of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), insulin, HOMA-IR, and trunk percentage of fat, and an increase of HDLc/TC ratio, in the obese group. BMI improvements prevented adiponectin reduction and correlated with increments in HMW and MMW. conclusion: Obesity-related increase in MS features might be linked to lower adiponectin. HMW and MMW were the multimers that most explained the MS features. The intervention program improved the lipid profile and IR, and prevented the reduction of adiponectin. a diponectin is mainly secreted by adipocytes in humans (1,2), but total adiponectin (TA) levels are paradoxically lower in obese children, and even lower in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS) (3,4).Adiponectin improves lipid metabolism by lowering the synthesis of free fatty acid and stimulating β-oxidation (5).Furthermore, it is inversely related with triglyceride (TG) levels and positively related with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) concentration. A study from our group showed that adiponectin modulates the effect of apo E genotype on lipid profile (6). Adiponectin also presents an anti-inflammatory action, e.g., it inhibits proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion by macrophages. This activity might have an important role in insulin resistance (IR), as TNF-α inhibits insulin signaling (7,8), while adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity (9).In pediatric ages, adiponectin levels correlate negatively with age (6). The difference between genders is well established, with women presenting with higher adiponectin concentrations (6,10). Sexual hormones might underlie sex-related changes as before puberty; no differences are found between genders (11).The body fat distribution influences adiponectin levels, with abdominal obesity associated with lower concentrations (4,12). The association between central adiposity and reduced adiponectin was seen with visceral fat accumulation in children (13) and adults (14).Adiponectin circulates as three complexes: trimers, hexamers (two trimers), and larger...

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“…The increases in BMI during childhood may be related to the development and acceleration of adverse cardiometabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia (high TG and low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol), hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance, known as MES [1]. The increasing obesity prevalence in childhood and adolescence has increased the prevalence of MES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome in School Children in Mardin, South-Eastern of Turkey

İnanç

2014

EAJM

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MES) in a school children population. Materials and Methods:Three thousand four hundred and sixty children aged between 7 and 15 in three elementary schools in the city of Mardin, located in the south-eastern region of Turkey, were included in this study in April and May 2011. Age, gender, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured and a variety of blood tests were done. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used for the diagnosis of MES.Results: It was found that 9.42% of those tested were overweight, and 8.0% were obese. The study found that more girls (9.1%) were obese than girls (6.9%). The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among girls than boys (p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and the other parameters, namely waist and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG) (p=0.0001). It was found that total cholesterol (T-Chol), TG, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP were significantly different among obese MES's group and non-obese children (p<0.05). The waist/hip ratio reference value in girls was significantly higher than boys (p>0.05). The prevalence of MES was 6.3%. The number of components of MES was higher in girls and obese children. The rate of MES was 30.3% in obese children. Conclusion:The frequency of obesity, hypertension and MES in childhood period have been steadily increasing. Children who are classified having central obesity and high body mass index should be more carefully evaluated to its potential to progress to MES. And the quality of the life should be improved by reducing the risks resulted from life style changes, necessary treatments and follow ups.Key Words: Childhood obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension Özet Amaç: Okul çocukları popülasyonunda, metabolik sendrom (MES) prevelansının tespit edilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem:Türkiye'nin güneydoğusundaki, Mardin şehir merkezinde, üç ilköğretim okulundaki, 7-15 yaşları arası, üç bin dört yüz altmış çocuk, Nisan-Mayıs 2011'de çalışmaya dahil edildi. Yaş, cins, boy, ağırlık, bel çevresi, kalça çevresi, bel/kalça oranı, sistolik ve diyas tolik kan basınçları ölçüldü ve kan testleri kaydedildi. MES tanısı için Uluslararası Diyabet Federasyonu (IDF) kriterleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çocukların %9,42'si fazla kilolu ve %8'i obezdi. Obezite kızlarda %9,1, erkekler de %6,9'du. Obezite prevelansı, kızlar arasında erkeklerden daha yüksek ve anlamlıydı (p<0.001). Vücut kitle indeksi (VKI) ve bel ve kalça çevresi, bel/kalça oranı, sistolik ve diyasto lik kan basıncı, trigliserid arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu (p=0.0001). Total kolesterol, trigliserid, VKI, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı obez MES'lu grupta, obez olmayanlardan anlamlı farklı idi (p<0.05). Kızların bel/kalça oranı referans değerleri, erkeklerinkinden anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p>0.05). MES preve...

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Metabolic syndrome, adipokines and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren: results of a 1-year lifestyle intervention programme

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

Adiponectin, Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Paediatric Obese Patients: Impact of Interventional Studies

Adiponectin, Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Paediatric Obese Patients: Impact of Interventional Studies

Adiponectin and markers of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents: impact of 8-mo regular physical exercise program

Metabolic Syndrome in School Children in Mardin, South-Eastern of Turkey

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