Metabolic stress, reactive oxygen species, and arrhythmia

Abstract

Cardiac arrhythmias can cause sudden cardiac death (SCD) and add to the current heart failure (HF) health crisis. Nevertheless, the pathological processes underlying arrhythmias are unclear. Arrhythmic conditions are associated with systemic and cardiac oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In excitable cardiac cells, ROS regulate both cellular metabolism and ion homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that elevated cellular ROS can cause alterations of the cardiac sodium channel (Nav1.5), abnormal Ca2+ handling, changes of mitochondrial function, and gap junction remodeling, leading to arrhythmogenesis. This review summarizes our knowledge of the mechanisms by which ROS may cause arrhythmias and discusses potential therapeutic strategies to prevent arrhythmias by targeting ROS and its consequences.

Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea on heart rhythm

“…Moreover, evidence of left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure has been found in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia, in which the decrease in left ventricular function was related to the increase in lipid peroxides [31]. Such structural alterations of the myocardium may lead to micro-ischaemia, promoting cardiac repolarisation abnormalities and thus increased susceptibility to develop ventricular dysrhythmias [35].…”

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Aqueous Extract of Wild Mushrooms Collected From Himachal Pradesh

“…In human body, during energy production in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, phagocytosis, fertilization, arachidonic acid metabolism, and xenobiotic metabolism-free radicals are constantly formed. Free radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (-OH), superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide radicals (H 2 O 2 ) damage DNA, provoke uncontrolled chain reactions including lipid peroxidation which leads to the development of cancer, impair enzymes and structural proteins, neurological and cardiovascular diseases, cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes [9,10]. Reactive oxygen species activate nuclear factors; thus, inducing the synthesis of cytokines and therefore are responsible in the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.…”

Antioxidant Therapies in the Prevention and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

“…Accumulating evidence suggests oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of AF [1][2][3][4][5]. There are several redox signaling pathways that are possibly related to increased oxidative stress in the setting of AF, including mitochondrial DNA damage, increased activity of enzymes such as NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, activation of pro-arrhythmic transcription factors such as peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptor, c-fos and NF-κB.…”