Metabolic emergencies in pregnancy

Mohan, Naina; Banerjee, Anita

doi:10.7861/clinmed.2021-0496

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…During normal pregnancy, a woman's body goes through a variety of changes. Alterations in the heart, blood vessels, blood, metabolism, kidney, and lung function are all examples of normal changes [1,2]. During gestation, blood sugar, respiratory rate, and cardiac output rise, while estrogen and progesterone levels rise, effectively stopping the menstrual cycle for the duration of the pregnancy [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Electrolytes Levels in Third Trimester Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study in Diyala Province in Iraq

2022

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Mineral ions known as electrolytes govern the osmolality of interior biological systems and losing them can be deadly. Electrolyte imbalances have been linked to a wide range of pregnancy health issues, including contractility of smooth muscle, spasms of the muscles, and body aches, as well as heart palpitation, breathing difficulties, cardiac dysrhythmia (which can cause cardiac arrest or paralysis of the lungs), chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. As the third trimester is the critical period in pregnant accompanied with complications like preeclampsia this study designed for investigating electrolytes levels (calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphate, chloride) in 3rd trimester of normal Iraqi pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women as control group. This study is the first case-control study on pregnant women carried out in Diyala Province in Iraq highlighting electrolytes imbalance associated with pregnancy, it was carried out in Al-Batool Hospital during the month of February 2021in Diyala/ Iraq, on 30 pregnant women in 3rd trimester (27.04 ± 2.130 years), as well as a control group of 30 non-pregnant women, where serum electrolyte are measured for each group. When compared to the control group, the results of the current study demonstrate a significant decrease in serum calcium, potassium, and sodium in the third trimester pregnant group, while there are no significant differences in chloride and phosphate levels between two groups. This research found a significant difference in serum electrolytes concentrations in last stages of pregnancy women, particularly for potassium and calcium, Electrolytes testing may be included as one of the standard and universal tests conducted during pregnancy to prevent fetal-maternal morbidity and mortality due to electrolytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Electrolytes Levels in Third Trimester Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study in Diyala Province in Iraq

2022

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“…This is partially driven by placenta-derived hormones such as cortisol, glucagon, and especially human placental lactogen. 1 Women, as a rule, also have a decreased renal buffering capacity, as their increased ventilation causes respiratory alkalosis and renal bicarbonate loss, making them prone to acidosis. Significant metabolic disorders occur in pregnant women and are usually treated the same as in the non-pregnant population and result in rapid resolution without fetal compromise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A multidisciplinary team experienced in dealing with pregnant women at risk, including endocrinologists, obstetricians, intensivists, and obstetric anesthetists, must be present. 1 Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to hyperglycemia diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM in 173 countries ranges from <1% to 28% depending on country and diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates on Gestational Diabetes

Machado¹,

Belon²,

Silva³

2022

JHS

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Introduction -Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to hyperglycemia diagnosed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Its prevalence ranges from <1% to 28% depending on the country and diagnostic criteria. Goals -literature review updating concepts, diagnosis and new therapeutic possibilities in gestational diabetes. Methodology -bibliographic review, with descriptors: diabetes and pregnancy, high risk pregnancy, prenatal care, oral hypoglycemic agents and postpartum care. Results -the increase in sugar consumption parallels the increase in overweight, gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus over the past four decades. Universal screening associated with lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) is the main approach during pregnancy. Metformin gained definitive space, preceding the introduction of insulin. Telemonitoring must be encouraged. Postpartum control, which is much neglected, is fundamental in the screening of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions -Some very well-defined points: Universal screening is mandatory, there are still some divergences in the methodology used (fasting or test with load), changes in life habits and physical exercise are fundamental in control. However, they are difficult to adhere to this. Metformin is a reality that must be in all protocols, follow-up in the postpartum period is fundamental, and must be considered in the long term, due to the relationship with type 2 diabetes in the future of patients. Consider remote monitoring adequate with promising results.

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“…Isso é parcialmente impulsionado por hormônios derivados da placenta, como cortisol, glucagon e, principalmente, lactogênio placentário humano. 1 As mulheres, regra geral, também têm uma capacidade de tamponamento renal diminuída, pois sua ventilação aumentada, causa um alcalose respiratória e perda renal de bicarbonato, tornando-as propensas à acidose. Distúrbios metabólicos significativos ocorrem em grávidas e, geralmente, o tratamento é o mesmo da população não grávida, e resultam em rápida resolução sem comprometimento fetal.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Uma equipe multidisciplinar com experiência em lidar com mulheres grávidas de risco, incluindo endocrinologistas, médicos obstetras, intensivistas e anestesistas obstétricos, deve estar presente. 1 O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) refere-se à hiperglicemia diagnosticada durante o segundo ou terceiro trimestre da gravidez. A prevalência de DMG em 173 países varia de <1% a 28% dependendo do país e dos critérios de diagnóstico.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Atualidades no Diabetes gestacional

Machado¹,

Vasconcellos²

2022

Braz. J. Hea. Rev.

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Introdução - diabetes mellitus gestacional refere-se à hiperglicemia diagnosticada durante o segundo ou terceiro trimestre da gravidez. Sua prevalência varia de <1% a 28% dependendo do país e dos critérios de diagnóstico. Objetivos - revisão na literatura atualizando conceitos, diagnóstico e novas possibilidades terapêuticas no diabetes gestacional. Metodologia - revisão bibliográfica, com descritores: diabetes e gestação, gestação de risco, pré-natal, hipoglicemiantes orais e cuidados no puerpério. Resultados - aumento no consumo de açúcar é paralelo ao aumento do excesso de peso, diabetes gestacional e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 nas últimas quatro décadas. A triagem universal associada a mudanças de estilo de vida (dieta e exercício) é a principal abordagem durante gestação. A metformina ganhou espaço definitivo, precedendo à introdução da insulina. O telemonitoramento deve ser incentivado. Fundamental o controle pós-parto, muito negligenciado, na triagem do diabetes tipo 2. Conclusões – Alguns pontos muito bem definidos: O rastreamento universal é obrigatório, existindo ainda algumas divergências na metodologia empregada (jejum ou teste com carga), as mudanças nos hábitos de vida e o exercício físico são fundamentais no controle. Entretanto são de difícil aderência. A metformina é uma realidade que deve estar em todos os protocolos, fundamental o acompanhamento no pós-parto, devendo ser considerado a longo prazo, devido à relação com o diabetes tipo 2 no futuro das pacientes. Considerar adequado o monitoramento à distância com resultados promissores.

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Metabolic emergencies in pregnancy

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Serum Electrolytes Levels in Third Trimester Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study in Diyala Province in Iraq

Serum Electrolytes Levels in Third Trimester Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study in Diyala Province in Iraq

Updates on Gestational Diabetes

Atualidades no Diabetes gestacional

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