2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.032
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Abstract: SUMMARY Astrocytes are proposed to participate in brain energy metabolism by supplying substrates to neurons from their glycogen stores and from glycolysis. However, the molecules involved in metabolic sensing and the molecular pathways responsible for metabolic coupling between different cell types in the brain are not fully understood. Here we show that a recently cloned bicarbonate (HCO3−) sensor, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), is highly expressed in astrocytes and becomes activated in response to HCO3− en… Show more

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Cited by 223 publications
(228 citation statements)
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“…First, through glutamate-evoked glycolysis, a mechanism also known as the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, glutamate uptake and the associated increase in intracellular sodium concentration activate the alpha2 subunit of the Na/KATPase and promote glucose uptake and L-lactate production (28,29). A similar neuronal activity-dependent mechanism has been recently shown for potassium as an activator of astrocytic glycolysis (31). Another mechanism for L-lactate production is glycogenolysis (32).…”
mentioning
confidence: 86%
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“…First, through glutamate-evoked glycolysis, a mechanism also known as the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, glutamate uptake and the associated increase in intracellular sodium concentration activate the alpha2 subunit of the Na/KATPase and promote glucose uptake and L-lactate production (28,29). A similar neuronal activity-dependent mechanism has been recently shown for potassium as an activator of astrocytic glycolysis (31). Another mechanism for L-lactate production is glycogenolysis (32).…”
mentioning
confidence: 86%
“…Hence, the present results showing that L-lactate (unlike D-glucose and L-pyruvate) induces synaptic plasticity gene expression (i.e., Arc, Zif268, and c-Fos) both in vitro and in vivo are fully consistent with such observations. Control of L-lactate metabolism in astrocytes as operated by both glutamate-and potassium-mediated glycolysis (28,31) and by monoamine-mediated glycogenolysis (33) is likely to add another level of regulation of NMDA activity in general and NMDARmediated synaptic plasticity processes in particular.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The production of lactate by astrocytes is also stimulated by neuronal signals in the long term (minutes). Glutamate activates glycolysis via the Na + -glutamate cotransporter (11,12) and K + stimulates glycogen degradation via the HCO 3 − -sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (47). Also within minutes, nitric oxide has been shown to stimulate astrocytic glycolysis through inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase leading to activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase and PFKFB3 (48).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intracellular alkalinization following bicarbonate uptake via NBCe1 has recently been shown to augment the glycolytic rate in astrocytes, presumably due to the pH-dependent activation PFK1 in astrocytes (10). On the other hand, activation of bicarbonatesensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) followed by bicarbonate entry via NBCe1 was also suggested to stimulate glucose metabolism and lactate release in mammalian astrocytes (20 (27,28). The measured steady-state pH of cultured astrocytes (7.17 Ϯ 0.02 in HEPES and 7.2 Ϯ 0.07 in 5% CO 2 /26 mM HCO 3 Ϫ -buffered solution) lies in the window of maximum pH dependence of PFK1 and below the saturation point for the pH-dependent activation of PFK1.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In fact, cytoplasmic pH is well known to be a potential regulator of glucose metabolism, particularly the glycolytic rate, in various cell types (12)(13)(14)(15) ] i can also be a potential signal to a variety of cellular processes, including glucose metabolism (16 -19). A rise in [HCO 3 Ϫ ] i was shown to stimulate glucose metabolism in astrocytes, via the activation of bicarbonate-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase (20). The question whether it is the rise in bicarbonate ions or a fall in [H ϩ ] i that mediates the cytoplasmic pH-dependent augmentation of the glycolytic rate has not been resolved.…”
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confidence: 99%