Metabolic adaptation of colonic microbiota to galactooligosaccharides: a proof‐of‐concept‐study

Mego, Marianela; Manichanh, Chaysavanh; Accarino, Anna; Campos, David; Pozuelo, Marta; Varela, Encarna; Vulevic, Jelena; Tzortzis, George; Gibson, Glenn R.; Guarner, Francisco; Azpiroz, Fernando

doi:10.1111/apt.13931

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, gas homeostasis occurring within a week of administration with B-GOS®, as a result of metabolic and compositional microbiota changes was previously shown in adults. 29,30 Thus, it is not unreasonable to suggest that its positive effect in reducing the GI symptoms in the current study, can be contributed to its positive effect on microbiota and specifically bifidobacteria.…”

Section: Fodmapsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…[23][24][25][26][27] In IBS sufferers, it reduced bloating and abdominal pain without changes to their diets, 28 and in healthy adults, it was shown not to result in GI symptoms. 29,30 The aim of the current study was to understand the effect of B-GOS® administration to adults selected from the general population who often suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence but who are not formally diagnosed with IBS or other forms of FBD, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B‐GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence

Vulevic

Tzortzis

Juric

et al. 2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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BackgroundPrebiotics exert beneficial effects upon gastrointestinal (GI) environment, but this is not always accompanied with a positive effect on GI symptoms. B‐GOS® is a prebiotic with high selectivity toward bifidobacteria and a variety of other beneficial effects in humans. Here, we investigated its effect on GI symptoms in adults who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, and flatulence.MethodsIn a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, 83 subjects from the general population who presented with GI symptoms during screening period and had a predicted probability of functional bowel disorder of more than 75% were randomized to receive either a placebo or the B‐GOS® treatment (2.75 g/d). Subjects were screened for the presence of GI symptoms for 1 week, they consumed the treatments for 2 weeks, and then went through a 2‐week washout period, before switching to the other treatment for the final 2 weeks. GI symptoms, bowel movements, and stool consistency were assessed in daily and weekly questionnaires. Quality of life was assessed weekly and depression and anxiety at the end of each treatment period.ResultsB‐GOS® resulted in significantly (P < 0.001) lower scores for bloating, flatulence, and abdominal pain both from baseline and placebo at the end of first week. The effect was sustained at the end of second week. It had no effect on the number of bowel movements, consistency of stools, quality of life, or mood throughout the study.ConclusionResults suggest that B‐GOS® could possibly be used in the management of bloating, flatulence, or abdominal pain and warrant further investigation.

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Section: Fodmapsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B‐GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence

Vulevic

Tzortzis

Juric

et al. 2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…A detailed study carried out in healthy subjects noted that while flatulence does initially increase after supplementation with β‐GOS, levels return to baseline within a couple of weeks (Mego et al . ). Gas production correlated with changes in the gut microbiota, which likely resulted in less gas being produced and more being consumed by microbes.…”

Section: Potential Health Effects Of Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prebiotics – an added benefit of some fibre types

Lockyer

Stanner

2019

Nutrition Bulletin

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Prebiotics are food components that are selectively used by gut bacteria, conferring a health benefit, most notably stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria. Accepted prebiotics at present are the fibre types galacto‐oligosaccharides, fructo‐oligosaccharides and inulin, some forms of which occur naturally in foods such as pulses, grains, fruit and vegetables. Prebiotics can also be isolated and produced commercially for use as functional ingredients and supplements. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the place of prebiotics in a healthy, balanced diet, to explore potential health effects, particularly in relation to gut health, and to consider whether there are implications of consuming a diet low in prebiotics. Dietary fibre is important for health, with high‐fibre diets reducing risk of several chronic diseases, via its effects on bowel function, gut microbiota, and cholesterol and glycaemic levels. The prebiotic effects of some fibre types may contribute to these effects. Evidence from supplementation studies carried out in humans suggests that consumption of prebiotics may confer an array of health benefits such as cholesterol lowering, relief of symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, increased satiety and immunomodulatory effects, though more studies are needed. Findings from observational and intervention studies indicate that exclusion diets, such as low‐carbohydrate, gluten‐free and the low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols diet, result in changes to the gut microbiota such as reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, though whether or not there are any long‐term health implications remains unknown. Studies investigating whether prebiotic supplements may be useful in conjunction with such diets (when these are required for medical reasons) to help restore levels of bacteria that are considered to be beneficial, are warranted. Overall, there is a need to promote high‐fibre foods across the UK population as intakes currently fall well below recommendations.

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“…A randomized, double-blind study of healthy individuals with mild functional bowel symptoms demonstrated that regular consumption of short-chain FOS 5 g/day reduced the frequency and intensity of digestive symptoms and improved intestinal discomfort and QOL compared with placebo after 6 weeks [68]. Others have proposed that use of prebiotics may lead to short-term, potentially deleterious alterations in the microbiota, as was suggested by an increased number and volume of anal gas evacuations 2 days after initiation of supplementation with GOS by healthy individuals; however, after 3 weeks, the number and volume of evacuations decreased to pretreatment levels, suggesting that gut microbiota adapted to the prebiotics [69]. In this study, bifidobacteria abundance increased significantly from baseline to days 3 and 21 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively, vs. baseline) for healthy individuals with bifidobacteria abundance <0.5% of total bacteria at baseline [69].…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have proposed that use of prebiotics may lead to short-term, potentially deleterious alterations in the microbiota, as was suggested by an increased number and volume of anal gas evacuations 2 days after initiation of supplementation with GOS by healthy individuals; however, after 3 weeks, the number and volume of evacuations decreased to pretreatment levels, suggesting that gut microbiota adapted to the prebiotics [69]. In this study, bifidobacteria abundance increased significantly from baseline to days 3 and 21 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively, vs. baseline) for healthy individuals with bifidobacteria abundance <0.5% of total bacteria at baseline [69]. Using prebiotics to enhance the growth of bifidobacteria seems logical to reduce symptoms of IBS; however, studies are limited by the type and dose of prebiotic used.…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the gut microbiota: a focus on treatments for irritable bowel syndrome

Harris

Baffy

2017

Postgraduate Medicine

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and disordered bowel habits, is one of the most common functional bowel disorders. IBS is a substantial burden on both patient health-related quality of life and healthcare costs. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been postulated for the occurrence of IBS, including altered gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, changes in gut permeability, immune activation, gut-brain dysregulation, central nervous system dysfunction, and changes in the gut microbiota. Of note, both qualitative and quantitative differences have been observed in the gut microbiota of a population with IBS versus a healthy population. Because of the substantial interest in the gut microbiota and its role as a therapeutic target in IBS, this article provides an overview of specific interventions with the potential to modulate the gut microbiota in IBS, including elimination diets, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and nonsystemic antibiotics. Although probiotics and synbiotics are generally well tolerated, differences in the composition and concentration of different bacterial species and inclusion or exclusion of prebiotic components varies widely across studies and has prevented strong recommendations on their use in IBS. For nonsystemic antibiotics, rifaximin is indicated in the United States for the treatment of IBS with diarrhea in adults and has been shown to be efficacious and well tolerated in well-designed clinical trials. Overall, more consistent evidence is needed regarding the efficacy and safety of elimination diets, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics for the treatment of patients with IBS. Furthermore, additional well-designed studies are needed that examine alterations in the gut microbiota that occur with these interventions and their potential associations with clinical symptoms of IBS. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Metabolic adaptation of colonic microbiota to galactooligosaccharides: a proof‐of‐concept‐study

Abstract: The availability of substrates induces an adaptation of the colonic microbiota activity in bacterial metabolism, which produces less gas and associated issues. Clinical trials.gov NCT02618239.

Cited by 41 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B‐GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence

Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B‐GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence

Prebiotics – an added benefit of some fibre types

Modulation of the gut microbiota: a focus on treatments for irritable bowel syndrome

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