Mesocosm Experiments as a Tool for Ecological Climate-Change Research

Stewart, Rebecca; Dossena, Matteo; Bohan, David; Jeppesen, Erik; Kordas, Rebecca L.; Ledger, Mark E.; Meerhoff, Mariana; Moss, Brian; Mulder, Christian; Shurin, Jonathan B.; Suttle, Blake; Thompson, Ross; Trimmer, Mark; Woodward, Guy

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417199-2.00002-1

Cited by 275 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 286 publications

(341 reference statements)

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“…Direct impacts on the secondary production of invertebrates and fish depend on drought intensity, with greatest effects occurring where flow cessation occurs (Lake, 2011;Ledger et al, 2011;Matthews and Marsh-Matthews, 2003). Indirect impacts may also occur as a result of changes in primary production, with lower resource availability likely to suppress higher trophic levels (Hannesdóttir et al, 2013 The impacts of climate change remain poorly understood at the higher multispecies levels of organisation (communities, food webs, ecosystems), especially for responses to components other than the direct effects of warming per se, such as atmospheric and hydrological changes in the environment (Stewart et al, 2013;Woodward et al, 2010), and to extreme events in particular. The history of food-web research in the context of environmental change, and its progression from qualitative binary approaches to the use of more sophisticated quantitative methods, has been covered elsewhere in recent reviews (e.g.…”

Section: P0405mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is further compounded by the likelihood that what are today's extremes will become more commonplace in the future, with increases in the intensity, frequency and duration of both droughts and floods beyond the normal envelope of contemporary conditions. Indeed, some may be so extreme that there is nothing in the historical record with which to compare them, and in such cases, we are entering uncharted waters that will require experimental manipulations and predictive models that can extrapolate beyond historical and contemporary conditions (Stewart et al, 2013).…”

Section: Extreme Events and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extreme Climatic Events Alter Aquatic Food Webs

Ledger

Brown

Edwards

et al. 2013

Global Change in Multispecies Systems: Part 3

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Section: P0405mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extreme Events and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Climatic Events Alter Aquatic Food Webs

Ledger

Brown

Edwards

et al. 2013

Global Change in Multispecies Systems: Part 3

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“…Being of small scale, short duration and using only one zooplankton species, our experiment obviously have some limitations and must be interpreted with caution o n l y (Stewart et al, 2013). However, even though the interactions might be stronger in such a small scale experiment than might be found in natural lakes, e.g., Lake Taihu, the direction of change is supported by observation both from larger scale experiments (Sørensen et al, 2011) and field data (Duan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Phytoplankton response to winter warming modified by large-bodied zooplankton: an experimental microcosm study

He¹,

Zhu

Song³

et al. 2015

J Limnol

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“…Moreover, the interactive effects of elevated atmospheric ozone and CO 2 concentrations, as well as temperature increase, on chemical-mediated interactions have received limited attention, despite that all of these factors are affecting ecosystems' stability. A key solution lies in the use of mesocosms and other facilities where multiple components of climate change can be manipulated in a multispecies context [56]. This approach could be used to assess how all climatic changes associated with a predicted scenario in the coming century might interact to impact the production of plant secondary metabolites, and the associated cascade effects on the pheromone production in phytophagous insects.…”

Section: Conclusion Wider Context and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will climate change affect insect pheromonal communication?

Boullis

Detrain

Francis

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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Understanding how climate change will affect species interactions is a challenge for all branches of ecology. We have only limited understanding of how increasing temperature and atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 levels will affect pheromonemediated communication among insects. Based on the existing literature, we suggest that the entire process of pheromonal communication, from production to behavioural response, is likely to be impacted by increases in temperature and modifications to atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 levels. We argue that insect species relying on long-range chemical signals will be most impacted, because these signals will likely suffer from longer exposure to oxidative gases during dispersal. We provide future directions for research programmes investigating the consequences of climate change on insect pheromonal communication. IntroductionSince the 19 th century, the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), have drastically increased causing changes to environmental parameters at a global scale, including temperature [1]. Recent studies now highlight the impact of such modifications on the whole dynamics of life [2]. Through cascade effects, entire ecosystems are being disturbed, impacting the population dynamics of inhabiting species and altering the ways that they interact with one another. This phenomenon has been well documented for insect-plant interactions mediated by plant secondary metabolites [3,4 ]. [12]. Although these insects can perceive a wide range of pheromone components, the activation of neurons in their macroglomerular complexes, and the elicitation of relevant behavioural responses, is combinatorial: it will happen only when the right combination and ratio of components is perceived at the same time [6].Developmental temperature has a strong influence on adult life history, morphology, and physiology. Furthermore, in some species, pheromone production and availability is dependent on larval, pupation, and/or adult developmental conditions [8,13,14], hence the effect of abiotic parameters on all the insect life stages is important. In the male beewolf, Philanthus triangulum, an increase of 5 8C in the larval rearing temperature led adult males to produce more pheromonal secretions [13]. Moreover, warmer rearing conditions led to higher relative amounts of compounds with high molecular weight. As a consequence, a shift in temperature could weaken intraspecific relationships of these insect species by reducing the efficiency (i.e. specificity, activity, timing of production, etc.) of their chemical communication.Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations [1] could also affect the biosynthesis of insect pheromones. Changes in CO 2 concentrations affect plant biochemistry, including the synthesis of secondary metabolites [4 ]. Since some phytophagous insect species produce their pheromone components based on precursors taken from their host plant, we hypothesise that phytophagous insects could be among the most vulnerable to changes in atmospheric ...

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Mesocosm Experiments as a Tool for Ecological Climate-Change Research

Cited by 275 publications

References 286 publications

Extreme Climatic Events Alter Aquatic Food Webs

Extreme Climatic Events Alter Aquatic Food Webs

Phytoplankton response to winter warming modified by large-bodied zooplankton: an experimental microcosm study

Will climate change affect insect pheromonal communication?

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