“…In case of tissue damage, MSCs can be mobilized by signals such as cytokines and chemokines released from the damaged tissue and migrate to the sites of injury to participate in wound repair and tissue regeneration (Ramirez et al, 2006). Animal studies demonstrated that MSCs migrate to injured sites in the body, including the heart (Assis et al, 2010;Detante et al, 2009;Kraitchman et al, 2005;Wu et al, 2003), kidney (Herrera et al, 2007;Morigi et al, 2004), skin (Li et al, 2006), and bone (Horwitz et al, 1999;Mackenzie & Flake, 2001;Mosca et al, 2000). In rats bearing Lewis cardiac allografts, Wu et al (Wu et al, 2003) found that IV injected -galactosidase (lacZ) labeled MSCs can migrate into lesions of chronic rejection in the cardiac grafts and home to the bone marrow.…”