Mental Health Symptoms in Post-earthquake Miami Haitians: Cumulative Effect of Disaster-related Stressful Events

Messiah, Antoine; Vaïva, Guillaume; Gokalsing, Erick; Tempier, Raymond; Jean, Naomie; Acuña, Juan

doi:10.4172/2471-4372.1000111

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Most of the tools were developed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) criteria, which were established by the American Psychological Association. The origins of many tools in this review may result in cultural bias, even if the tool has been validated in a certain population or translated to another language [ 87 – 89 ]. A lack of a suggested cutoff point for diagnosis is the third most common limitation among the studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the purpose of the tool's use is to build knowledge to develop programs for disaster mitigation, then inconsistent measures and cutoffs would hinder this goal [173,174]. Those who work in humanitarian response and research and use these tools must consult the • Availability of multiple languages [87] • Not culture-specific [87] • Tool is in English, not Tibetan language [91] • May not be extrapolated to other populations [92] • Not validated in Haitian contexts and Western tools may not be appropriate [93] • Self-report [94] • Tibetan refugees in North India [91] • Chinese elderly 2013 Ya'an earthquake survivors [92] • 2010 earthquake-exposed Haitians in Florida [87,93] • 2008 Iceland earthquake survivors [94] Language(s):…”

Section: Pss-sr N/a N/a Ptcimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

Moore

Loenhout

Almeida

et al. 2020

Global Health Action

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Background: The effects of disasters and conflicts are widespread and heavily studied. While attention to disasters' impacts on mental health is growing, mental health effects are not well understood due to inconsistencies in measurement. Objective: The purpose of this study is to review mental health assessment tools and their use in populations affected by disasters and conflicts. Method: Tools that assess posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder, and general mental health were examined. This review began with a search for assessment tools in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Next, validation studies for the tools were obtained through snowball sampling. A final search was conducted for scientific studies using the selected tools in humanitarian settings to collect the data for analysis. The benefits and limitations described for each tool were compiled into a complete table. Results: Twelve assessment tools were included, with 88 studies using them. The primary findings indicate that half of the studies used the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. The most common limitation discussed is that self-report tools inaccurately estimate the prevalence of mental health problems. This inaccuracy is further exacerbated by a lack of cultural appropriateness of the tools, as many are developed for Western contexts. Conclusion: It is recommended that researchers and humanitarian workers reflect on the effectiveness of the mental health assessment tool they use to accurately represent the populations under study in emergency settings. In addition, mental health assessment should be coupled with action.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pss-sr N/a N/a Ptcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

Moore

Loenhout

Almeida

et al. 2020

Global Health Action

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“…This large, longitudinal study contributes not only to a comprehensive understanding of adjustment disorder, 23 but also to the disaster literature, which has predominantly focused on PTSD or MDE. 14 Adjustment disorder as a risk for more serious disorder…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 Rates of subthreshold PTSD have been found to be double those of full PTSD in the early aftermath of earthquake (28.0%, 13.8% respectively 10 and 19.0%, 10.3% 11 ) and terror attack exposure (15.7%, 4.8% 12 ) and in the 12 months following terror attack exposure (17.5%, 9.3% 13 ). Although PTSD and MDD are the most frequently studied clinical outcomes in disaster literature, 14 research suggests that a broad range of subthreshold symptoms may be the most prevalent mental health outcome following disaster.…”

Section: Subthreshold Symptomatology and Adjustment Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ongoing financial concerns, relationship conflicts, insurance claim difficulties) that play additional roles in the course of psychological symptoms. 14 Although exposure to a disaster itself may act as a trigger stressor for the development of adjustment disorder, the ongoing financial, health or interpersonal stressors 27 , 28 that ensue in the months following the disaster may play a key role in increasing risk for the persistent course of adjustment disorder.…”

Section: Post-trauma Adjustment Disorder Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectory of adjustment difficulties following disaster: 10-year longitudinal cohort study

Pacella,

Cowlishaw,

Gibbs

et al. 2024

BJPsych open

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Background Although much is known about psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression following bushfire (also known as wildfire), little is known about prevalence, trajectory and impacts for those experiencing general adjustment difficulties following exposure to these now-common events. Aims This was an exploratory analysis of a large cohort study that examined the prevalence, trajectory and risk factors of probable adjustment disorder over a 10-year period following bushfire exposure. Method The Beyond Bushfires study assessed individuals exposed to a large and deadly bushfire across three time points spanning 10 years. Self-report survey data from participants from areas with moderate and high levels of fire-affectedness were analysed: n = 802 participants at Wave 1 (3–4 years post-fires), n = 596 at Wave 2 (5 years post-fires) and n = 436 at Wave 3 (10 years post-fires). Surveys indexed fire-related experiences and post-fire stressors, and comprised the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (probable adjustment disorder index), four-item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (probable fire-related PTSD) and nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (probable major depressive episode). Results Prevalence of probable adjustment disorder was 16% (Wave 1), 15% (Wave 2) and 19% (Wave 3). Probable adjustment disorder at 3–4 years post-fires predicted a five-fold increase in risk for escalating to severe psychiatric disorder (i.e. probable fire-related PTSD/major depressive episode) at 10 years post-fires, and was associated with post-fire income and relationship stressors. Conclusions Adjustment difficulties are prevalent post-disaster, many of which are maintained and exacerbated over time, resulting in increased risk for later disorder and adaptation difficulties. Psychosocial interventions supporting survivors with adjustment difficulties may prevent progression to more severe disorder.

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Mental Health Symptoms in Post-earthquake Miami Haitians: Cumulative Effect of Disaster-related Stressful Events

Cited by 2 publications

References 94 publications

Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

Measuring mental health burden in humanitarian settings: a critical review of assessment tools

Trajectory of adjustment difficulties following disaster: 10-year longitudinal cohort study

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