Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions

Fazel, Seena; Hayes, Amanda; Bartellas, Katrina; Clerici, Massimo; Trestman, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30142-0

Cited by 718 publications

(724 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Mental disorders of prison populations have so far mainly been reported and reviewed as the prevalence of single disorders [39-42]. Very few papers have addressed the prevalence of comorbidity of mental health and substance use disorders in prison populations [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Underlying Structure of Comorbid Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations

2019

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Background: High rates of mental disorders have been reported for prison populations. Understanding patterns of comorbidity may be essential for the development of adequate treatment interventions. The present study aimed to assess the underlying structure of comorbidity between mental health and substance use disorders in prison populations. Methods: Current mental disorders were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview in a cross-sectional observational study of 427 individuals consecutively committed to prison facilities in Santiago, Chile. Five alternative structural models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Latent class analysis of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders was carried out. Results: CFA indicated the best fit for a bifactor model with a general psychopathology P factor and specific internalizing and externalizing factors. Borderline personality disorder loaded highest on the P factor (0.85). The latent comorbidity structure showed a four-class solution representing one class without relevant comorbidities (48% prevalence) and three classes representing the following comorbidities: (1) externalizing disorders including substance use and antisocial personality disorder (31%), (2) internalizing disorders including anxiety disorders (10%), and (3) all types of disorders co-occurring (11%). Major depression and borderline personality disorder were present across all three latent classes of comorbidity. Conclusions: Prison mental health services need to serve a highly comorbid population. Specific approaches may be useful for an externalizing and an internalizing spectrum of disorders. An important group of individuals with all types of mental disorders co-occurring may need new approaches in treatment development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very few papers have addressed the prevalence of comorbidity of mental health and substance use disorders in prison populations [42]. Acknowledging the underlying structure of comorbidity and the prevalence of classes of comorbidity may be more useful to inform service development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Underlying Structure of Comorbid Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations

2019

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“…5,6 Mortality among inmate populations is high compared to national averages of several countries. [13][14][15][16] However, little is known regarding common reasons that prisoners present to EDs. [13][14][15][16] However, little is known regarding common reasons that prisoners present to EDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: Common emergency department presenting complaints of prisoners: A systematic review

Harel

Moskovitch

Weiland

et al. 2018

Emerg Medicine Australasia

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Prisoners are a particularly vulnerable minority group whose healthcare needs and management differ substantially from the general population. The overall burden of disease of prisoners is well documented; however, little is known regarding the aetiology and frequency of prisoners' acute medical complaints requiring an ED visit. Objectives of the review were to identify, review and appraise existing literature regarding prisoners' presentations to EDs. We performed systematic electronic searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science using MeSH terms and keywords. Two reviewers abstracted data and conducted quality appraisal using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Nine articles met the predefined inclusion criteria. Apart from two European studies in the past 5 years, there is a scarcity of literature primarily addressing the common presenting complaints to EDs by prisoners. Existing studies demonstrated that prisoners have a disproportionately high burden of traumatic, infectious and psychiatric disease requiring emergency treatment. With the increasing number of emergency presentations made by prisoners each year, it is vital that further research is undertaken to identify trends of these acute medical complaints in order to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes for prisoners.

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“…Incarcerated persons have an increased prevalence of mental illness (Fazel et al, 2016). This is in large part due to the criminalization of mental illness 1 ; however, incarceration experiences can have lasting negative effects on mental health that may affect successful reintegration into the community (Schnittker et al, 2012).…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health of heroin users with differing injection drug use histories: A non-treatment sample of Mexican American young adult men

Nowotny

Perdue

Cepeda

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background While the comorbidity of mental health and injecting heroin has been documented, current research is limited by describing the mental health of people who inject drugs without a comparison group and by the lack of research on nontreatment samples in the United States, particularly among Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of injecting history (never, former, occasional, and daily) and multiple outcomes of global and mental health using a sample of U.S.-based Latinos not currently in treatment. Methods Data are from a sample of street-recruited Mexican American young adult men (n=275) in San Antonio, TX. Multiple logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used. Results Overall 54% of men reported lifetime injecting drug use (20.7% former users, 11.1% occasional users, and 21.9% daily users). We found varying prevalence rates of global and mental health status among different histories of injecting. After covariate adjustment, daily injecting remained strongly associated with all four outcomes: perceived poor health status (AOR = 4.39; p ≤ 0.001), psychological distress (AOR = 2.78; p ≤ 0.05), depression (AOR = 4.37; p ≤ 0.001), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.75; p ≤ 0.001). Acculturation, gang membership, and incarceration history also emerged as important factors. Conclusion This study provides new information about the relationship between mental health and injecting heroin use. Findings support the need to consider mental health states among people who inject drugs, and to examine varying histories of injecting with socially and culturally relevant factors.

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Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions

Cited by 718 publications

References 76 publications

The Underlying Structure of Comorbid Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations

The Underlying Structure of Comorbid Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations

Review article: Common emergency department presenting complaints of prisoners: A systematic review

Mental health of heroin users with differing injection drug use histories: A non-treatment sample of Mexican American young adult men

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