Mental health and associated factors among young offenders in Chile: a cross‐sectional study

Gaete, Jorge; Labbé, Nicolás; Villar, Paloma Del; Allende, Catalina; Araya, Ricardo; Valenzuela, Eduardo

doi:10.1002/cbm.2029

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As we have pointed out, insult and stressors derived by neglect and abuse at early life may lead to long-term consequences in youngsters (Gunnar and Donzella, 2002 ). The extremely stressful environment experienced by young offenders may be related to high incidence of mental disorders, as recently reported by Gaete et al ( 2017 ). However, no investigation has addressed the link between epigenetic mechanisms and psychological consequences for these victimized children.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In a cross-sectional study of psychological disorders observed in young Chilean offenders, researchers found a prevalence of mental illnesses such as marijuana dependence disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. This investigation found also a connection between these mental disorders and childhood deprivation and maltreatment, and parental death and drug abuse (Gaete et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Relevance Of Neurobiological Epigenetics In Educationmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Stress in the Educational System as a Potential Source of Epigenetic Influences on Children's Development and Behavior

Frías-Lasserre

Villagra

Guerrero-Bosagna

2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Despite current advances on the relevance of environmental cues and epigenetic mechanisms in biological processes, including behavior, little attention has been paid to the potential link between epigenetic influences and educational sciences. For instance, could the learning environment and stress determine epigenetic marking, affecting students' behavior development? Could this have consequences on educational outcomes? So far, it has been shown that environmental stress influences neurological processes and behavior both in humans and rats. Through epigenetic mechanisms, offspring from stressed individuals develop altered behavior without any exposure to traumatizing experiences. Methylated DNA and noncoding RNAs regulate neurological processes such as synaptic plasticity and brain cortex development in children. The malfunctioning of these processes is associated with several neurological disorders, and these findings open up new avenues for the design of enriched environments for education and therapy. In this article, we discuss current cases of stress and behavioral disorders found in youngsters, and highlight the importance of considering epigenetic processes affecting the development of cognitive abilities and learning within the educational environment and for the development of teaching methodologies.

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Section: Discussion and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Relevance Of Neurobiological Epigenetics In Educationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Stress in the Educational System as a Potential Source of Epigenetic Influences on Children's Development and Behavior

Frías-Lasserre

Villagra

Guerrero-Bosagna

2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…We used the Spanish version of the MINI because of its appropriateness and easy application by psychologists, because it includes the variables of interest in this study (which have been replicated) [31, 32], and because it has been applied to young offenders, for example in Chile [33]. A mental health screening tool should consider important contextual factors in the implementation of screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and psychosis related to the absence of visitors and consumption of drugs in male prisoners in Ecuador: a cross sectional study

et al. 2019

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Background Major mental disorders in prison populations have been recognised as a long-term problem with an important impact on public health. Despite this, screening activities in prisons are still weak in Latin America. We proposed to estimate the prevalence of depression and psychosis and associated factors in the largest Ecuadorian prison for male inmates. Methods Cross-sectional study with 309 prisoners chosen at random between January and February 2017, who were administered two structured questionnaires. The first examined socio-demographic and occupational characteristics prior to incarceration and presence of social support networks; the second was the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview version in Spanish 5.0.0. We used maximum likelihood tests and multiple logistic regression to assess associations between depression, psychosis and study factors. Results The prevalence of depression and psychosis were 50.2% (95% CI 44.6–55.8) and 25.9% (95% CI 21.0–30.8), respectively. The two conditions occurred together in 22.0% of the cases (95% CI 14.8–29.2), and depression or psychosis (D/P) was found in 54.0% (95% CI 48.4–59.6). Consuming drugs while in prison was found in 41.4% (95% CI 35.9–46.9). When age was considered among those consuming drugs, the prevalence of D/P were 72.2, 88.0, and 92.3%, respectively for the age-groups 18–29, 30–39 and 40 years or over ( p -value < 0.001). Using a multivariate model, we found that not receiving visits (AOR 3.15 95%CI 1.42–6.96) and consuming drugs while in prison (AOR 5.85 95%CI 3.06–11.16) were associated with D/P, while the age effect disappears. Inmates who stopped drug consumption in prison or who had never consumed did not present any significant differences. Conclusions Depression and psychosis in prisoners are strongly affected by the absence of visitors and by consumption of drugs in prison. Greater presence of social support networks and preventive actions targeting drug abuse would contribute to improving the mental health of prison inmates.

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“…Prisoners are highly vulnerable to a mental disorder as compared to the wider community ( 15 ), a finding supported by a study done in the United Kingdom that found major depressive disorder was 61.7% and of anxiety 53.3% among incarcerated women ( 16 ). In addition, a study of young offenders in Chile found 22% had depression and 24% had an anxiety disorder ( 17 ). One recently conducted study among New Zealand prisoners revealed that nearly a third (32%) had a mood disorder (depression), while 30% had an anxiety disorder ( 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive, Anxiety Symptom Frequency and Related Factors Among Prisoners During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northeastern Ethiopia, a Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundAmong the more than 10 million people imprisoned around the world, the rate of mental illness is higher than among the general population for various reasons. Although rates of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety in this population may have changed as a response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and other factors, to our knowledge, no related studies have been conducted related to depression and anxiety in this population during the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and associated factors among Dessie City prisoners during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2020. A total of 420 prisoners were selected via a systematic sampling technique. PHQ-9 depression scale, generalized anxiety disorder-7 questionnaire, Oslo 3-item social support scale, insomnia severity index, and Brief COPE scale were used. Data were entered by using Epi-Data version 3.1 and finally exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 21 for analysis. We fitted a multiple binary logistic regression model. Finally, an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported and factors with a p-value < 0.05 were considered as significant for depression and anxiety.ResultsThis study showed that 279 (66.4%) of imprisoned people had major depressive disorder with 95% CI of (61.4, 70.6), while 281 (66.9) had generalized anxiety disorder with 95% CI of (61.9, 71.9).ConclusionIn this study, the overall prevalence of depression and anxiety was significantly high, and was related to a number of factors including COVID-19. Therefore, designing and implementing strategies for COVID-19 prevention and control in prisons is highly recommended to reduce mental health problems among prisoners.

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Mental health and associated factors among young offenders in Chile: a cross‐sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Stress in the Educational System as a Potential Source of Epigenetic Influences on Children's Development and Behavior

Stress in the Educational System as a Potential Source of Epigenetic Influences on Children's Development and Behavior

Depression and psychosis related to the absence of visitors and consumption of drugs in male prisoners in Ecuador: a cross sectional study

Depressive, Anxiety Symptom Frequency and Related Factors Among Prisoners During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northeastern Ethiopia, a Cross-Sectional Study

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