Menopause symptoms in HIV-infected and drug-using women

Miller, Samantha A; Santoro, Nanette; Lo, Yungtai; Howard, Andrea A.; Arnsten, Julia H.; Floris-Moore, Michelle; Moskaleva, Galina; Schoenbaum, Ellie E.

doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000141981.88782.38

Cited by 80 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The "Ms Study" is a prospective study of the natural history of menopause among HIV-infected and drug-using women in the Bronx, New York, as previously described [23]. Between September 2001 and September 2003, women aged 35-59 years were recruited from primary care clinics and methadone programs and through community newsletters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection, Drug Use, and Onset of Natural Menopause

Schoenbaum

Hartel

et al. 2005

Clinical Infectious Diseases

149

164

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Objective. To study the relationship of HIV infection and drug use with the onset of natural menopause. Methods. Our analyses used the World Health Organization's definition of menopause (i.e., the date of the last menstrual period is confirmed after 12 months of amenorrhea) and baseline data from a prospective study. Semiannual interviews were conducted. Levels of HIV antibody and CD4 + cell counts were obtained. Menopause was identified at baseline or during 12 months of follow-up. Women ingesting reproductive hormones were excluded. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with menopause.Results. Of 571 women, 53% were HIV infected, and 52% had used heroin or cocaine in the previous 5 years. The

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection, Drug Use, and Onset of Natural Menopause

Schoenbaum

Hartel

et al. 2005

Clinical Infectious Diseases

149

164

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“…The study design and participant recruitment have been previously described [20]. In brief, between September 2001 and July 2003, 620 women were recruited from the community in the Bronx, New York, with enrolment guided so that 50% of women in the cohort would be HIV-infected and 50% uninfected.…”

Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased serum lipids are associated with higher CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV‐infected women

Floris-Moore

Howard

et al. 2006

HIV Medicine

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ObjectiveHighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with dyslipidaemia; however, the roles of immune status and non-HIV-disease risk factors remain unclear. MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of fasting lipids was carried out for 231 women, of whom 132 were HIVinfected and 99 were uninfected. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B (apo B) were measured. CD4 lymphocyte count, hepatitis C status, demographics, diet, and anthropometrics were also assessed. ResultsA total of 132 women were HIV-infected [30 were antiretroviral-naive, 68 were on protease inhibitors (PIs), and 34 were on non-PI HAART]. HIV infection was associated with higher triglycerides, lower HDL-C, and, among obese women, higher total cholesterol and LDL-C. Non-PI and PI HAART were each independently associated with higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, and apo B, compared with being ART-naive. Among HIV-infected women, after adjustment for HAART use, women with a CD4 lymphocyte count ! 500 cells/mL had total cholesterol 41.8 mg/dL (P 5 0.002) and LDL-C 28.8 mg/dL (P 5 0.01) higher, on average, than women with a CD4 count o200 cells/mL. Women with a CD4 count of 200-499 cells/mL had total cholesterol 26.31 mg/dL higher, on average, than those with a CD4 count o200 cells/mL (P 5 0.04), although differences in LDL-C did not reach significance (15.51 mg/dL; P 5 0.12). A higher CD4 count was also associated with higher apo B (Po0.001). Active hepatitis C infection was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, and apo B. ConclusionsHigher CD4 lymphocyte counts were associated with higher lipid levels, suggesting that immune competence may independently affect the dyslipidaemia seen in the HAART era. In addition, it is important that hepatitis C status be assessed in studies of dyslipidaemia in the HIV-infected population.Keywords: antiretroviral therapy, drug use, dyslipidaemia, women IntroductionHighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically increased life expectancy among HIV-infected persons. However, several metabolic complications have been reported in association with HAART, including insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia [1][2][3][4][5]. There have been reports of high total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride levels associated with protease inhibitor (PI) use [6][7][8]. High total cholesterol and triglyceride levels have also been reported in patients on non-PI HAART regimens [9,10]. In addition, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels and hypertriglyceridaemia have been described in HIV-infected patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy [11][12][13]. 421Other factors, including dietary fat intake, physical activity, obesity, and genetics, may influence lipid levels [14][15][16]. Low levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived peptide inversely related to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, have been reported in HIV-i...

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“…Sera were collected from 97 consecutive participants enrolled and followed in two related prospective (parent) studies of HIV infection and substance abuse, which use similar methodology, one with women (MS study) and one with men (CHAMPS study) [29][30][31]. In these studies, research visits were conducted semi-annually, at which time, standardized interviews were administered eliciting substance abuse behaviors and medical history.…”

Section: Participants In Hiv Study Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding of PECAM-1 during HIV infection: a potential role for soluble PECAM-1 in the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS

Eugenín

Gamss

Buckner

et al. 2005

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by viral entry into the central nervous system (CNS), which is mediated, in part, by the transmigration of HIV-infected monocytes into the brain. The elaboration of chemokines and other factors by these infected cells contributes to CNS inflammation and cognitive impairment in a significant number of HIV-infected individuals. Recently, we demonstrated that HIV-infected monocyte transmigration into the CNS is enhanced greatly by the chemokine CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) plays an important role in leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium of the systemic vasculature by mediating homophilic interactions between endothelial cells (EC)-EC and EC-leukocytes, thus preserving vessel integrity. The role of PECAM-1 in HIV-infected leukocyte transmigration across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and NeuroAIDS has not been characterized. We demonstrate that in brain tissue from individuals with HIV encephalitis, there is an accumulation of cleaved, soluble forms of the extracellular region of PECAM-1 (sPECAM-1). In addition, HIV-infected individuals have elevated levels of sPECAM-1 in their sera. Our in vitro data demonstrate that HIV-infected leukocytes, when treated with CCL2, shed sPECAM-1, suggesting a mechanism of extracellular PECAM-1 cleavage and release dependent on HIV infection and CCL2. We hypothesize that sPECAM-1 production by HIV-infected leukocytes, resulting in the accumulation of sPECAM-1 within the CNS vasculature and the generation of truncated, intracellular forms of PECAM-1 within leukocytes, alters PECAM-1 interactions between EC-EC and EC-leukocytes, thus contributing to enhanced trans-migration of HIV-infected leukocytes into the CNS and changes in BBB permeability during the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS.

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Menopause symptoms in HIV-infected and drug-using women

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

HIV Infection, Drug Use, and Onset of Natural Menopause

HIV Infection, Drug Use, and Onset of Natural Menopause

Increased serum lipids are associated with higher CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV‐infected women

Shedding of PECAM-1 during HIV infection: a potential role for soluble PECAM-1 in the pathogenesis of NeuroAIDS

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