Menopausal symptoms and its effect on quality of life in urban versus rural women: A cross-sectional study

Sharma, Sudhaa; Mahajan, Neha

doi:10.4103/0976-7800.153606

Cited by 44 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The mean age in years of the postmenopausal women in the current study was 56.49±9.9 which was similar to that reported by Sharma et al, Pathak et al and Chuni et al [19][20][21] However, it was higher than that reported by Nayak et al,but lower than that reported by Christian et al and Madhukumar et al [22][23][24] The mean age at menopause of the participants in our study was 45.64±4.58 yrs which was in agreement with those reported by Bagga et al, Mahajan et al, Sarker et al, Sharma et al and Satpathy. [25][26][27][28][29] However, the mean age scores reported by the current study were lower in comparison to those reported by Sharma S et al,Christian et al, Borker et al and Madhukumar et al 19,23,24,30 The proportion of women who entered menopause prematurely was found to be quite high in current study. The results were in agreement to those reported by Lal and Sharma et al 28,31 The important factors responsible for the diversity in attainment of menopause include regional variation, genetic, environment and nutrition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…[25][26][27][28][29] However, the mean age scores reported by the current study were lower in comparison to those reported by Sharma S et al,Christian et al, Borker et al and Madhukumar et al 19,23,24,30 The proportion of women who entered menopause prematurely was found to be quite high in current study. The results were in agreement to those reported by Lal and Sharma et al 28,31 The important factors responsible for the diversity in attainment of menopause include regional variation, genetic, environment and nutrition. 29 However, the role of recall bias and absence of evidence in determining correct age of participants might have influenced this proportion in a detrimental way despite of investigator's best efforts to find out real age of the participants by correlating it with major events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…These results are in congruence with those reported by Subrahmanyam et al and Rahman et al 1,32 However, different studies conducted in Indian subcontinent have results suggestive of varied experiences of symptoms among the respondents. 6,21,24,[28][29][30][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] The possible explanation for this difference in prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms reported may be due the social, economic demographic, cultural, health, genetic and racial differences, besides woman's attitude and awareness. 29 Since more than 70% of the participants in current study were above 50 years of age, it could possibly be the reason behind the higher prevalence of somatic symptoms like muscle and joint pains, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Menopausal symptoms in rural middle aged women: a community based cross sectional study

Akhtar

Gupta

Bala

et al. 2018

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Menopause poses a big challenge to the healthy aging of a woman. With growing emphasis on universal health coverage and improving quality of life, it is the need of hour to address the issues population of postmenopausal women to enhance our understanding of women’s experiences during menopause.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probability purposive sampling and house-to-house visit in randomly selected villages falling under rural Health Block Kot-Bhalwal. 245 postmenopausal women were interviewed in accordance with pretested questionnaire consisting of Sociodemographic data and Greene Climacteric Scale.Results: Muscle and joint pains was the most common complaint (89.0%), followed by feeling tired or lacking in energy (87.4%), difficulty in sleeping (82.5%) and difficulty in concentrating (80.4%). Nearly three-fourth of the study participants reported to be suffering from Irritability (77.6%), feeling tense/nervous (77.5%), Headaches (76.7%), loss of interest in most things (75.9%), feeling unhappy or depressed (74.29%), sweating at night (73.47%), attacks of anxiety, panic (73.5%), pressure or tightness in head (72.6%), and feeling dizzy or faint (71.8%).Conclusions: A higher prevalence of menopausal symptoms was found. However, more research studies are needed to determine rural urban differences in prevalence and severity of the symptoms using a standardized tool on a larger sample in the community setting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Menopausal symptoms in rural middle aged women: a community based cross sectional study

Akhtar

Gupta

Bala

et al. 2018

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…A cross sectional study conducted by Sharma S and Mahajan N findings of the study were the high proportion s and the scores of MRS were observed in both rural and urban women. 21 The severity of symptoms was found more distressing for rural women. The quality of life in urban society was average and better in rural women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Quality of life of post-menopausal women residing in rural and urban areas of Sikkim, India

Devi

Karki

Chhetry

et al. 2018

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Menopause is an inevitable reproductive phase during midlife when various physical and mental changes may impair the quality of life of women. The presence and severity of symptoms vary tremendously from woman to woman and can last from months to years during this transitional period. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life and menopause related problems among post-menopausal women residing rural and urban areas of Sikkim. Methods: Descriptive explorative study was done in East Sikkim among 120 rural and urban post-menopausal women who were in the age group of 45 years and above, had attained natural menopause and didn't have menstruation from last one year, were selected through purposive sampling technique. Women with induced menopause, hysterectomy, receiving hormonal treatment were excluded. Along with collection of socio-demographic data, the Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the Quality of life based on experience of the symptoms through interview technique. Results: The mean menopausal age was 48±3.649 years in rural area and 47±3.831 years for urban area. The mean scores in quality of life between post-menopausal women in rural areas (M=136.6, SD=28.78) were found significantly impaired and the difference was found statistically significant (t=5.75 p<0.001) which shows that rural women were having impaired quality of life as compared to urban women during post-menopausal period. The findings also revealed that factors affecting the quality of life of postmenopausal women were the history of menopause, occupation of women, in urban women and time of attending menopause, in rural women.Conclusions: The present study shows that menopause related symptoms had a negative effect on the quality of life of the post-menopausal women. Such studies can help in creating awareness and in educating women on the early identification of the common menopausal symptoms.

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“…In a study in Jammu by Sharma and Mahajan[17] revealed that somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms were high in rural women than in urban women. Mohamed et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life among menopausal women: A community-based study in a rural area of West Bengal

Karmakar¹,

Majumdar²,

Dasgupta³

et al. 2017

J Mid-life Health

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Introduction:During menopausal transition, there is a lot of fluctuation in the hormone levels making the peri and postmenopausal women susceptible to various mental and physical disorders. There is considerably lack of awareness about the effects of the menopausal symptoms in women in India. Studies on issues relating to menopause, especially among rural women, are also lacking. With this background, the current study was carried out in a rural area of West Bengal with the objective to assess the quality of life (QOL) of peri-menopausal women.Methodology:The study was carried out among 100 peri and postmenopausal women (40–60 years) in Dearah village of West Bengal which is the rural field practice area of All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health during February–March 2014. The questionnaire used as study tool had two parts - Part 1: Sociodemographic characteristics. Part 2: About QOL due to menopausal symptoms based on four domains (vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual) using the 29-item Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire.Results:Occurrence of vasomotor symptoms was average with 60% of them reporting hot flushes and 47% sweating. Most prevalent psychosocial symptoms reported were feeling of anxiety and nervousness (94%) and overall depression (88%). Physical symptoms were quite varying in occurrence with some symptoms such as feeling tired or worn out, decrease in physical strength and lack of energy occurring in 93% of the women to only 5% suffering from growth of facial hair. Overall sexual changes were reported among 49% who reported of avoiding intimacy with a partner and 26% complained of vaginal dryness.Conclusions:The results support that menopause causes both physical and psychiatric problems. Education, creating awareness and providing suitable intervention to improve their QOL are important which should be imparted to menopausal women at both individual and community level.

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Menopausal symptoms and its effect on quality of life in urban versus rural women: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Menopausal symptoms in rural middle aged women: a community based cross sectional study

Menopausal symptoms in rural middle aged women: a community based cross sectional study

Quality of life of post-menopausal women residing in rural and urban areas of Sikkim, India

Quality of life among menopausal women: A community-based study in a rural area of West Bengal

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