intracellular stores, and by 10 mM 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)-1,4-ben-Recent studies have suggested that Ca 2 + /calmodulin (CaM) or CaM-like proteins may be involved in blue light (BL)-de-zohydroquinone (BHQ) and 10 mM cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), inhibitors of Ca 2 + -ATPase in the sarcoplasmic and endoplas-pendent proton pumping in guard cells. As the increase in cytosolic concentration of Ca 2 + is required for the activation mic reticulum (ER). By contrast, the inhibitions were not observed by 10 mM thapsigargin, an inhibitor of animal of CaM and CaM-like proteins, the origin of the Ca 2 + was ER-type Ca 2 + -ATPase. The inhibitions by caffeine and BHQ investigated by measuring BL-dependent proton pumping with were reversible. Light-dependent stomatal opening in the epi-various treatments using guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) from Vicia faba. BL-dependent proton pumping was affected nei-dermis of Vicia was inhibited by caffeine, BHQ, and CPA. ther by Ca 2 + channel blockers nor by changes of Ca 2 + From these results, we conclude that the Ca 2 + thought to be concentration in the medium used for the GCPs. Addition of required for BL-dependent proton pumping may originate Ca 2 + ionophores and an agonist to GCPs did not induce from intracellular Ca 2 + stores, most likely from ER in guard cells, and that this origin of Ca 2 + may generate a stimulus-proton pumping. However, BL-dependent proton pumping was inhibited by 10 mM caffeine, which releases Ca 2 + from the specific Ca 2 + signal for stomatal opening.