Membrane lipids of human peripheral nerve and spinal cord

Svennerholm, Lars; Boström, Kerstin; Fredman, Pam; Jungbjer, Birgitta; Månsson, Jan‐Eric; Rynmark, Britt-Marie

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(92)90250-y

Cited by 72 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Very recently, Tarkowski and colleagues [79] demonstrated alterations in sulfatide mass in CSF of subjects with vascular dementia, suggesting that apoE-mediated sulfatide metabolism might be involved in this disease too. Although available evidence supports the conclusion that sulfatides are only synthesized in oligodendrocytes [64,65], the presence of sulfatides in neurons and astrocytes (e.g. [80,81]) suggest the existence of transport and endocytotic pathways for sulfatide-associated apoE particles and the requirement of sulfatides in some of the neuronal functions such as neuronal regeneration.…”

Section: Modulation Of Sulfatide Metabolism By Apoementioning

confidence: 83%

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The role of apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism in the central nervous system

Han

2004

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The critical roles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels have been extensively studied for over 2 decades. However, an understanding of the roles of apoE in the central nervous system (CNS) is less certain. This review will summarize the available experimental results on the role of apoE in CNS lipid homeostasis with respect to its modulation of sulfatide trafficking, alteration of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and apoE-induced changes in phospholipid molecular species in specialized subcellular membrane fractions. The results indicate that apoE mediates sulfatide trafficking and metabolism in the CNS. Moreover, although apoE does not affect the cholesterol mass content or the phospholipid mass levels and composition in the CNS as a whole, apoE modulates cholesterol and phospholipid homeostasis in selective subcellular membrane compartments. Through elucidating the roles of apoE in CNS lipid metabolism, new insights into overall functions of apoE in neurobiology can be accrued ultimately, leading to an increased understanding of CNS lipid metabolism and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.

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Section: Modulation Of Sulfatide Metabolism By Apoementioning

confidence: 83%

“…Sulfatides are exclusively synthesized in oligodendrocytes in the CNS [64,65]. Specifically, the mass content of sulfatides in hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum of apoE-/-mice were higher by 61, 114 and 7 mol%, respectively, relative to those found in apoE+/+ mice at the same age (12 months).…”

Section: Modulation Of Sulfatide Metabolism By Apoementioning

confidence: 98%

The role of apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism in the central nervous system

Han

2004

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…The lipid composition was 100 mol% DOPC for DOPC liposomes, and a mixture of 11 mol% POPC, 16.5 mol% POPE, 11 mol% POPS, 16.5 mol% SM and 45 mol% cholesterol for cell model membranes, corresponding to the composition of major lipids in peripheral nerve cells. 15 The molar ratio of DPPP to total membrane lipids was 1:100.…”

Section: Liposome Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity Analysis by Liposomal Membrane System and Application to Anesthetics

et al. 2008

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Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the liposomal membrane system for lipid peroxidation. Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine incorporated into lipid-bilayer liposomes, which were prepared with unsaturated phospholipids and cholesterol, was converted to the corresponding fluorescent phosphine oxide by the reaction with lipid hydroperoxides. Under the optimal conditions, the liposomes were pretreated with tested compounds. Thereafter, they were reacted with oxidants: 1 -50 mM peroxynitrite, 1.0 mM hydrogen peroxide or 0.4 mM t-butylhydroperoxide, followed by fluorometric analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined by comparing the obtained fluorescence intensities with controls. The proposed method was successfully applicable to various anesthetics (10 and 100 mM for each) and reference antioxidants: a-tocopherol (1.0 and 2.5 mM), quercetin (1.0 and 5.0 mM) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (1.0 and 5.0 mM) with intraand inter-assay C.V.s of 0.2 -7.0%. In analyses of general and local anesthetics, propofol was the most active, and showed a concentration of 6.8 mM to produce 50% inhibition against the peroxynitrite-induced lipid peroxidation of cell model membranes, supporting its potential benefit in clinical use.

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“…Nerve cell membranes consist of different unsaturated phospholipids [22]. Unsaturated acyl chains of phospholipids are oxidized by superoxides, consequently making membranes more rigid [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Membrane effect of lidocaine is inhibited by interaction with peroxynitrite

et al. 2008

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Inflammation is clinically well known to decrease the efficiency of local anesthesia, an effect which has been explained mechanistically by tissue acidosis in the literature. However, recent studies offer no support to such a pharmacopathological background for anesthetic failure. Because inflammatory cells produce significant amounts of peroxynitrite, the peroxynitrite could interact with local anesthetics to decrease their effects. To examine this speculated interaction, we determined whether membrane fluidization, as one mode of local anesthetic action, was influenced by peroxynitrite. The membrane effects were analyzed by measuring the fluorescence polarization of liposomes prepared with 1, 2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Although lidocaine, at a clinically relevant concentration, fluidized liposomal membranes, its fluidizing potency was reduced to 43.6 +/- 4.4% and 58.4 +/- 7.5% of that in membranes without peroxynitrite when membranes were pretreated with 50 and 250 microM peroxynitrite, respectively, for 15 min. A significant inhibition of membrane fluidization of 27.5 +/- 6.8%, was also observed after reaction for 5 min. Peroxynitrite released by inflammatory cells may affect local anesthesia through a possible interaction with lidocaine, inhibiting its membrane-fluidizing effect.

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Membrane lipids of human peripheral nerve and spinal cord

Cited by 72 publications

References 23 publications

The role of apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism in the central nervous system

The role of apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism in the central nervous system

Antioxidant Activity Analysis by Liposomal Membrane System and Application to Anesthetics

Membrane effect of lidocaine is inhibited by interaction with peroxynitrite

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