Membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment: Fouling and abatement strategies

Utilizing ultrasonic vibrations to mitigate membrane fouling in domestic wastewater membrane bioreactors: a mini review

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] Chemical cleaning, on the other hand, involves the use of chemicals such as citric acid and sodium hypochlorite to dissolve and further remove the foulants. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]31 While chemical cleaning has shown higher efficiency than physical strategies in some situations, it also has significant disadvantages, such as concerns regarding the disposal of spent cleaning chemicals, the potential for membrane damage and high operational costs. [19][20][21][22]31 For example, chemical backwash using NaClO has been linked to the generation of halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs), and their adverse effects on water quality and human health are well documented.…”

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]31 Among the different strategies examined, the use of vibrations for membrane cleaning has been extensively researched in recent years because of their significant advantages. [24][25][26][27][28]…”

“…In recent years, vibrational technologies have emerged as a potential alternative or supplement to the techniques mentioned above in order to prevent fouling and further increase cleaning efficiency. [24][25][26][27][28] One form of vibrational process is the application of ultrasonic vibrations. Ultrasound refers to high-frequency sound waves that can create compressive and rarefactive waves in aqueous solutions.…”

“…Ultrasound refers to high-frequency sound waves that can create compressive and rarefactive waves in aqueous solutions. 25,27,28,30 Ultrasound waves can generate tiny bubbles or cavities through a well-known phenomenon called cavitation. Upon implosion, these cavities can produce microjets and shockwaves capable of removing the foulants accumulated on membranes.…”

“…[18][19][20][21] Among the proposed technologies, vibrational techniques have attracted attention because of their high efficiency in reducing fouling and enhancing overall efficiency. [24][25][26][27] The idea behind using vibrations is the dislodging of fouling materials, thereby maintaining or restoring normal membrane pressure and efficiency. [26][27][28][29][30] This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the implementation of ultrasound technology into MBRs used to treat municipal wastewater.…”