Membrane-Based Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: A Review

Kamaroddin, Mohd Fadhzir Ahmad; Sabli, Nordin; Abdullah, Tuan Amran Tuan; Siajam, Shamsul Izhar; Abdullah, Luqman Chuah; Jalil, Aishah Abdul; Ahmad, Arshad

doi:10.3390/membranes11110810

Cited by 67 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 152 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…The most used PEMs are the Nafion™ and Nafion™-based membranes as a result of their high thermostability, high ionic conductivity, excellent chemical stability, good mechanical strength, and robustness at a low temperature during high levels of relative humidity [58]. There are, however, some major challenges associated with the use of the Nafion™, i.e., poor proton conductivity when temperatures are high under low humid environment and longer time needed for synthesis [58][59][60].…”

Section: Solid Oxide Water Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Renewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up and Its Role in Future Energy Generation

Nutakor²,

et al. 2022

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An increase in human activities and population growth have significantly increased the world’s energy demands. The major source of energy for the world today is from fossil fuels, which are polluting and degrading the environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases. Hydrogen is an identified efficient energy carrier and can be obtained through renewable and non-renewable sources. An overview of renewable sources of hydrogen production which focuses on water splitting (electrolysis, thermolysis, and photolysis) and biomass (biological and thermochemical) mechanisms is presented in this study. The limitations associated with these mechanisms are discussed. The study also looks at some critical factors that hinders the scaling up of the hydrogen economy globally. Key among these factors are issues relating to the absence of a value chain for clean hydrogen, storage and transportation of hydrogen, high cost of production, lack of international standards, and risks in investment. The study ends with some future research recommendations for researchers to help enhance the technical efficiencies of some production mechanisms, and policy direction to governments to reduce investment risks in the sector to scale the hydrogen economy up.

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Section: Solid Oxide Water Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Renewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up and Its Role in Future Energy Generation

Nutakor²,

et al. 2022

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“…Currently, the energy consumption related to water electrolysis is 4.5–6.0 Kilowatt–hours per cubic meter (kWh/m 3 ) of H 2 when using water solution tanks (with an efficiency coefficient of around 60%) and 3.7–3.9 kWh/m 3 of H 2 when using solid polymer membrane electrolysis (efficiency coefficient of around 72–80%) [ 122 ]. However, the best and most effective modern hydrogen engines are capable of producing only 2.5–3 kWh from a single cubic meter of H 2 (recalculated to atmospheric pressure and 50–90 °C, which conditions are customary in water electrolysis) [ 123 ].…”

Section: Renewable Alternative Sources Of Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Alternative Sources of Energy for Decarbonization: A Piece of Cake, but How to Cook This Cake?

Boguslavsky

Sharov

Шарова

2022

IJERPH

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Few analytical or research works claim that the negative impact of improper use of ASEs may be comparable with that of hydrocarbons and sometimes even greater. It has become a common view that “green” energy (ASE) is clean, safe and environmentally friendly (eco-friendly) in contrast with “black” energy (hydrocarbons). We analyzed 144 works on systemic and/or comparative research of the modern and prospective ASE: biofuels, hydrogen, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, solar power, geothermal power, oceanic thermal power, tidal power, wind wave power and nuclear fusion power. We performed our analysis within the Spaceship Earth paradigm. We conclude that there is no perfect ASE that is always eco-friendly. All ASEs may be dangerous to the planet considered as a closed and isolated unit (“spaceship”) if they are used in an inconsistent manner. This is not in the least a reason to deny them as prospective sources of energy. Using all ASEs in different proportions in various regions of the planet, where their harm to the planet and humanity can be minimized and, on the contrary, their efficiency maximized, would give humanity the opportunity to decarbonize the Earth, and make the energy transition in the most effective way.

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“…The produced hydrogen may be directly injected into the natural gas fuel supply to combustion-based processes, through [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Figure 4. Incorporation of hydrogen energy within an energy system with technologies to be analyzed in a plant scale.…”

Section: Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

2022

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Thermochemical technologies (TCT) enable the promotion of the sustainability and the operation of energy systems, as well as in industrial sites. The thermochemical operations can be applied for energy storage and energy recovery (alternative fuel production from water/wastewater, in particular green hydrogen). TCTs are proven to have a higher energy density and long-term storage compared to standard thermal storage technologies (sensible and latent). Nonetheless, these require further research on their development for the increasing of the technology readiness level (TRL). Since TCTs operate with the same input/outputs streams as other thermal storages (for instance, wastewater and waste heat streams), these may be conceptually analyzed in terms of the integration in Water and Energy Integration System (WEIS). This work is set to review the techno-economic and environmental aspects related to thermochemical energy storage (sorption and reaction-based) and wastewater-to-energy (particular focus on thermochemical water splitting technology), aiming also to assess their potential into WEIS. The exploited technologies are, in general, proved to be suitable to be installed within the conceptualization of WEIS. In the case of TCES technologies, these are proven to be significantly more potential analogues to standard TES technologies on the scope of the conceptualization of WEIS. In the case of energy recovery technologies, although a conceptualization of a pathway to produce usable heat with an input of wastewater, further study has to be performed to fully understand the use of additional fuel in combustion-based processes.

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Membrane-Based Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: A Review

Cited by 67 publications

References 152 publications

A Critical Review of Renewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up and Its Role in Future Energy Generation

A Critical Review of Renewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up and Its Role in Future Energy Generation

Using Alternative Sources of Energy for Decarbonization: A Piece of Cake, but How to Cook This Cake?

Review of Thermochemical Technologies for Water and Energy Integration Systems: Energy Storage and Recovery

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